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Italicized page numbers indicate figures. acculturation: desirability of, by Russian state, 49; and health care, 218–220, 226; and identification of Jews, 197; and integration into Russian society, 2, 10–11, 12, 61, 69, 77–78, 102, 150–153, 188, 191– 192, 209, 215, 313; linguistic, 162, 193, 203, 208; and philanthropy, 249; and socioeconomic class, 192, 203; theories of, 150–151, 356n105 accusations against Jews of corruption and exploitation, 24, 42, 44, 45, 47, 50, 51, 56, 57, 72, 75, 192, 205 Akselrod, Pavel, 33 alcohol trade, 41, 47, 75, 110 Aleksandrovskaia Street, xvi (map), xvii (map), 37, 41, 49 Aleshkovskii, Iakov, 283–284 Alexander II: assassination of, 48, 51, 52, 123, 223; laws of, relating to Jews, 24– 25, 27, 248 Alexander III, 187 An-sky, Sh., 8 antisemitism, 5, 9; accusations against Jews, 44–45, 53, 76–78, 123, 125, 128–129, 130–133; anti-Jewish sentiment, 44–49, 69, 102–105, 123–124, 128, 193, 205; antisemitic societies, 205–208; stereotypes , 118, 192, 207. See also specific pogroms Antokol’ski, Mark, 248 Aronson, Rabbi Shlomo Ha-Cohen, 131, 177 artisans. See Jewish artisans artisans, boards of, 28, 63, 105, 113 assimilation. See acculturation attorneys, Jewish, 42, 124, 131, 133, 134– 135, 154, 170, 267 Babel, Isaak, 232 Babi Yar, 15, 317 Bacteriological Institute, 204, 223, 254 Beilis, Mendel, 130–133, 199, 201, 206, 233. See also Sholem Aleichem, works of, Further Adventures of Menachem-Mendl Belorussia: annexation of, to the Russian Empire, 24; Bund in, 264, 265; Jewish migration from, 25 Berdichev, 45, 49, 108, 111, 113, 152, 258n20 Bessarabia, 25, 89 Bikur Holim (organization), 220, 237, 361n100 Black Hundreds (group), 127, 130, 132, 261, 296, 345n36 blacksmiths, 113 Bohdan Khmel’nyts’kyi, statue of, 193, 254 Boiarka (suburb), xv (map), xvi (map), 121, 127, 155, 237, 239 bourgeoisie. See class, middle bribery, 3, 28, 29, 57, 58, 104, 133, 284, 325n39 Brodskaia, Avgustina, 162, 242 Brodskaia, Berta, 361n109 Brodskaia, E. V., 239, 240, 361n109 Brodskaia, Hayya, 239 Brodskaia, Klara, 205 Brodskaia, Margarita, 242 Brodskaia, Sara Semenovna, 232, 240, 242 Brodsky, Israel: bathhouse and mikvah, 226, 234; charity and philanthropy of, 43, 71, 225, 227; event honoring, 158; and Jewish Hospital, 217, 219–220, 234; and sugar industry, 38, 39 Brodsky, Lazar, 136; board member of various institutions, 204; charity and philanthropy of, 71, 72, 85, 156, 158, 194, 221, 223, 230, 231; and Choral Synagogue, 96, 171, 172, 173; and Crown Rabbi Lur’e, 273, 278; and Crown Rabbi Tsukkerman , 89, 90, 272; encounter with Max Mandel’shtam, 159; establishment of Brodsky Trade School, 229; exertion of control through philanthropy, 312; extension of family’s businesses, 39; as intercessor on behalf of Russian Jewry, 64; and Jewish Hospital, 219–221, 231, 232; religious observances of, 175 Index 392 INDEX Brodsky, Lev (Leon), 136; on Beilis Defense Committee, 131; board member of vari­ ous institutions, 232, 303, 304; during pogrom, 126; founding of Merchants’ Synagogue, 296; home of (map), xvi, xvii; personality of, 300; petition to abolish korobka, 282; philanthropy of, 222, 229, 232; as president of the Jewish Emigration Society, 317; as president of the Territorialists, 266; religious beliefs of, 174 Brodsky Trade School, 127, 147, 212, 229– 230, 247, 255–256 Bund, 110, 124, 134, 261, 262, 264–265 Bundists, 261–263, 264–265 burial society. See hevra kadisha Cathedral of St. Sofia, 206 Caves Monastery of Kiev (Lavra), 34, 44, 127, 206, 329n144 cemeteries, xvi (map), 31, 76, 84, 214, 314, 317; Jewish Cemetery Supervisory Administration , 76, 77 censuses: All-Imperial, of 1897, 19, 106– 107, 111, 117, 119, 161, 163, 339n40; comparison of, 324n43; Kiev, of 1874, 19, 32, 35, 37, 40, 41, 42, 47, 106, 326n60, 355n75 chapels (prayer houses in private homes), 94, 172, 175, 225, 233 charitable societies and organizations, 197– 198, 211–212, 283, 285; allegations regarding encouragement of Jewish isolation , 76–77, 196; filling a need in the Jewish community, 77; supervision of, 64; ubiquity of, 83; of women, 237–245. See also Jewish Welfare Committee; individual entries for societies and organizations charity: after pogroms, 245–248; as central to Jewish life, 2, 17, 211, 249; comparison to philanthropy, 211; disorganization of, 68, 71; distribution of, to poor and sick Jews, 65; ethnic segregation in the realm of, 199; from non-Jews to Jews, 195, 197, 200, 213; from Jews to non-Jews, 217–218; holiday, 81; motivations of wealthy Jews to give, 72, 223; as political strategy, 211; private, 84, 238; symbolic meaning of, 249; systematization...

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