A Whole Empire Walking: Refugees in Russia during World War I

Index

INDEX Adzhemov, Moisei, 151 Aghbalian, Nikol, 168 Agriculture: labor force in, 129, 131–134, 159, 264–265; livestock, 30, 136, 225, 233; reconstruction of, 153, 161, 175, 178. See also Land Akmolinsk, 67 Aleksandra Fedorovna, Empress, 126 Aleksandropol’, 52, 53, 74 Alekseev, General M. V. (1857–1918), 20, 39, 232 All-Russian Society for the Care of Refugees (VOPB), 165 All-Russian Union of Refugees (1917), 187–188 Altai, 187 American Relief Administration, 193, 286 Amur, 24, 55, 56, 138 Andronikov, Prince M., 164 Antonov, N. I., 35 Arendt, Hannah, 10 Arkhangel’sk, 130 Armenia, 11, 90, 199, 271; independence of, 185, 205; patriotic intelligentsia, 19, 151– 152, 184–186 passim; political parties, 153–154, 186, 282 (see also Dashnaktsutiun ) Armenian Benevolent Union, 193 Armenian Committee for the Relief of War Victims , 19 Armenian congress (1916), 153–154 Armenian maidens’ societies, 124, 151 Armenian National Bureau, 18 Armenian National Congress, 186 Armenian National Council, 168 Armenian National Delegation, 193 Armenian Populist Party, 186 Armenians, 18–19, 77, 123, 150, 271; diaspora , 150, 154, 169; genocide of 1915, 26, 119–120, 123, 154, 199, 229, 231; and October revolution, 184–186 passim; in the Ottoman empire, 13, 18, 150, 154; as refugees , 19, 26, 52–53, 59, 67, 74, 75, 83, 90, 118, 119–120, 123, 124, 129, 135, 142, 144, 150–154 passim, 164, 168–169, 173, 179, 185, 193, 201, 251, 271, 272– 273; volunteer units, 18–19, 152 Armiane i voina, 151, 271 Armianskii vestnik, 74, 151 Army, Russian: behavior toward civilians, 16, 20–21, 25, 35–37, 55, 90, 131, 132, 179, 225; demobilization of, 191; high command (Stavka), 20, 33, 35–36, 39, 50, 174, 179, 212; offensive (1917), 172, 179, 212; and public organizations, 37–40 passim, 71; retreat (1915), 17, 19–20, 145, 154–155, 160, 181; soldiers’ allowances, 56, 64 Astrakhan’, 151 Astrakhan’ People’s Monarchist Party, 23 Austria-Hungary, 18, 90, 168; army, 20 Averin, V. G., 280 Azerbaijan, 11, 142, 185 Bachmanis, K. O., 158, 280 Bagrikal, 83 Bakhrushkin, S. V. (1882–1950), 40, 45, 84, 237 Baku, 19, 151, 185 Baltic Germans, 23, 158, 159 Baranovichi, 60 Barnaul, 55 Bauman, Zygmunt, 224 Bekhterev, V. M., 83 Belgium, 150 Belorussia, 52, 54, 156, 184; patriotic intelligentsia , 184, 277; refugees in, 20, 21 Belorussians, as refugees, 51, 144, 163, 165– 166, 184, 188, 193, 195, 213, 257, 262, 277 Benevolenskaia, A. N., 124–125 Berdichev, 21 Berger, John, 128 Bergs, A., 158 Bessarabia, 166, 213 Bettelheim, Bruno, 206 Bezhenets, 77, 96, 251 Bhabha, Homi, 7 Biisk uezd, 55 Binshtok, V. I., 148 Birzhevye vedomosti, 77, 78, 80, 129, 159 Biunting, S. M., 124 Black Hundreds. See Union of Russian People Blok, Aleksandr, 121, 211 Bobrinskii, Count G. A., 18, 41, 234 Bobrinskii, V. A., 35, 234 Bogorodsk, 56 Bogutskii, 187 Bolshevik Party, 2, 182, 185, 198 Bortnik, Ivan (refugee), 76–77 Brest-Litovsk, 19, 20, 38, 62; treaty of, 184, 185, 188, 190 Briansk, 63, 145, 188 British Society of Friends of Armenia, 193 Briusov, Valerii, 150 Brusilov, General A. A., 23, 174, 277 Brutskus, Boris D., 146, 270 Buchanan, Sir George, 226 Bukovina, 166, 184 Bulla, Aleksandr, 251 Burgardt, E. E., 124 Buxhoeveden, Baroness So¤a, 262 Cadets (Constitutional Democratic party), 34, 37, 151, 153 Cakste, Janis (1859–1927), 158, 186, 274 Caucasian Armenian Benevolent Society, 151 Caucasus, 24, 52, 124; military campaigns in, 18–19, 26, 153; refugees, 3, 19, 55, 58, 119–120, 133, 145, 151, 153, 179, 185. See also Armenia Central Asia, 58 Chambers, Iain, 7 Chelm, 21, 31, 52, 87, 88, 132, 166, 184, 205, 213 Chelnokov, M. V., 236, 240, 243 Chernigov province, 21, 51, 132 Chetverikov, N. S., 264 Children, abandoned, 84–85. See also Refugees: children Chkheidze, N. S., 34 Church, Armenian, 53 Church, Roman Catholic, 75, 79, 121, 135, 144, 161, 163, 279 Church, Russian Orthodox, 64, 162, 163, 167, 276 (see also Old Believers); diocesan committees , 41, 60–61, 77, 85, 93, 144 Church, Uniate, 18, 168 Citizens’ committees, 38, 145, 155–156, 172, 175, 275 Connerton, Paul, 206, 290 Cooperatives, 61, 67, 176, 177 Cossacks, 17, 29, 36, 123, 145, 152, 163, 168, 228, 261 Council of ministers, 35–36, 69 Cracow, 19 Crime, 84, 89, 144. See also Hooliganism; Refugees : crime associated with Crimea, 151 Dagestan, 244 Danilov, General Iu. N. (1866–1937), 20, 22, 31, 38 Dashnaktsutiun, 153, 186, 282 Deblin. See Ivangorod Decree on Land, 191, 195 Displacement, population, 2–3, 8–14 passim, 16, 20, 22...