The Great American Symphony: Music, the Depression, and War

Index

accessibility, musical, 2; at century’s close, 210 Adams, John, 211 Adorno, Theodor, 202 American Composers Orchestral Concerts , 45 “American Dream,” 3–4 American Federation of Labor, 9 American Music Center, 45 American public, 2, 4; attitudes, 4–5, 13, 85, 86 Americanisms in music, 24–26, 47, 56, 122, 152–153, 176, 181 Antheil, George, 83; Airplane Sonata, 89; background, 88–90; Ballet Mécanique, 89–90; Death of Machines , 89; film composer, 91; Helen Retires, 90; Jazz Sonata, 89; musical style, 88–89, 90, 98; nonmusical activities, 90–91; Piano Concerto, 90; Sonata Sauvage, 89; Symphonie en fa, 90; Symphony No. 1, 90; Symphony No. 2, 90; Symphony No. 3, 92–94; Symphony No. 4 (1942), 91, 94–98, 145; Symphony No. 5 (Joyous), 98; Symphony No. 6 (After Delacroix), 98; Transatlantic, 90 antidemocratic activities in the United States, 12–13, 85–86, 182–183 “art for art’s sake,” 10 art in America, 4, 32 audience for classical music, 9, 10, 11–12, 26–27; new listeners, 8–9; why people listened, 4, 9, 28–29, 86, 160 avant-garde, 10 Barber, Samuel, 11, 16, 33, 82, 83; Adagio for Strings, xi, 15, 43; background , 34–36; Dover Beach, 38– 39; First and Second Essay for orchestra , 43; Knoxville, Summer of 1915, 43, 135–136; Music for a Scene from Shelley, 38; Medea’s Meditation and Dance of Vengeance, 43; musical style, 36–38, 39, 129, 131, 136; Overture to The School for Scandal, 35, 38; Prayers of Kierkegaard , 43; Symphony No. 1, xi, 39–43; Symphony No. 2 (Airborne ), 43, 128–134, 145; Violin Concerto, 43 Bartók, Béla, x Berio, Luciano, 202 Berkshire Music Institute, 111 INDEX 233 234 · Index Berkshire Symphonic Festival and Music Center, 7–8, 160 Bernstein, Leonard, 10, 108; background , 110–113; Candide, 117; Chichester Psalms, 118; Clarinet Sonata, 112; dramatic style, 109, 112–113, 115–116; The Dybbuk, 118; educator, 112; Jewish input, 112. 114. 118; Mass, 118; music for Broadway, 109, 112–113,115 116; orchestra conductor, 109, 111– 112; Symphony No. 1 (Jeremiah), 110, 113–116; Symphony No. 2 (The Age of Anxiety), 109, 116–117; Symphony No. 3 (Kaddish), 117; Trouble in Tahiti, 117 Blitzstein, Marc: Airborne Symphony, 137, 140–144; background, 137– 140; early works, 137; The Cradle Will Rock, 138–139; film music, 139; musical style, 139; No for an Answer, 138; Regina, 144 Bloch, Ernest, 151, 166, 192 Boulanger, Nadia, 10–11, 54, 100, 119, 137, 151, 172, 192 Carpenter, John Alden, 82; Adventures in a Perambulator, 74; The Anxious Bugler, 80; background, 74; The Birthday of the Infanta, 75; Carmel Concerto, 80; Gitanjali, 74; Krazy Kat, 75; musical style, 72–73, 75–76; Piano Concertino, 75; Sea Drift, 75; Sermons in Stone, 76; The Seven Ages, 80; Skyscrapers , 75; Symphony No. 1, 76–78; Symphony No. 2, 78–79; WaterColors , 74 Chadwick, George, 18–19 classical: definition of, viii–ix; demotion of, 212–213 Columbia Broadcasting System, vii, 8, 9, 48 common musical style, 2, 23–24 composers: identification with society, 13; at the turn-of-the-century, 211; obligations of, 32 Composers Forum-Laboratories, 14–15, 25 Copland, Aaron, 7, 10, 11, 25; advocacy of accessible music, 9–10, 174; Appalachian Spring, 178–179; background , 171–173; Clarinet Concerto , 182; Connotations, 183; Dance Symphony, 172; El Salón Mexico, 171, 175; Fanfare for the Common Man, x, 176–177; Grohg, 172; labors for American music, 173; Inscape, 184 A Lincoln Portrait , x, 177–178, 182; Music for a Great City, 183–184; Music for the Theatre, 173; musical style, 172– 173, 174–175, 176, 183; Piano Concerto, 173; Piano Variations, 173; The Red Pony, 182; The Second Hurricane, 171, 175; Symphonic Ode, 173; Symphony No, 1 (Symphony for Organ and Orchestra), 7, 172; Symphony No. 2 (Short Symphony), 173; Symphony No. 3, viii, 171–172, 179–182, 199; The Tender Land, 182; Twelve Poems of Emily Dickinson, 180; Vitebsk, 173 Corigliano, John, 211 Cowell, Henry, 81 Creston, Paul: background, 184–185; Chant of 1942, 188; early works, 185–186; Fantasy for Piano and Orchestra, 188; Frontiers, 188–189; Marimba Concertino, 188; musical style, 186–197; Saxophone Index · 235 Concerto, 188; Symphony No. 1, 187–188; Symphony No. 2, 189; Symphony No. 3 (The Three Mysteries ), 189–190; Symphony No. 4 and 5, 190 cultural fragmentation after the war, 2, 7, 147–150, 159, 211–212 cultural unanimity, 1–2...