A Lancastrian Mirror for Princes: The Yale Law School New Statutes of England

APPENDIX I. Chronology of Events

 Appendix 1 Chronology of Events 1321 Parliament persuades Edward II to exile his favorite, Hugh Despenser the Younger, and Hugh’s father, Hugh Despenser the Elder 1322 Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, is executed for leading a baronial uprising against Edward II The Despensers return to England 1326 Queen Isabelle raises an army in France, invades England, and defeats the Despensers Edward II is captured and imprisoned; both Despensers are executed 1327 Edward II is forced to abdicate the throne and is later murdered in prison Edward II’s eldest son becomes Edward III Parliament annuls Thomas of Lancaster’s conviction for treason 1330 Edward III’s first son, Edward of Woodstock, is born 1362 Edward III’s fourth son, John of Gaunt, becomes Duke of Lancaster 1376 Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales, dies and his son Richard becomes Prince of Wales 1377 Edward III dies and his grandson becomes King Richard II at age ten 1398 Richard II exiles Henry Bolingbroke, eldest son of the Duke of Lancaster 1399 The Duke of Lancaster dies and Richard II seizes his property Henry Bolingbroke returns to England, defeats Richard II’s forces, and imprisons the king Richard II is forced to abdicate the throne and is later murdered in prison Parliament declares Henry Bolingbroke king as Henry IV Appendix   1411 Henry IV dies and his son Henry V accedes to the throne 1420 The Treaty of Troyes makes Henry V heir to Charles VI of France through marriage to his daughter, Katherine of Valois 1421 Henry VI born (6 December) 1422 Henry V dies (August); Henry VI becomes king of England and heir to the throne of France Dukes of Bedford and Gloucester are appointed Protector and Defender of the Realm Charles VI dies (October); Henry VI becomes king of France by the Treaty of Troyes Charles VII claims the throne of France 1429 Charles VII is crowned king of France at Reims Henry VI is crowned king of England at Westminster (6 November) 1430 Margaret of Anjou is born (22 March) 1431 Henry VI is crowned king of France in Paris 1437 Katherine of Valois dies Henry VI establishes personal rule 1440 Henry VI founds Eton College 1441 Henry VI founds King’s College, Cambridge 1444 Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou are betrothed as part of the Treaty of Tours 1445 Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou are married at Titchfield Abbey (23 April) Margaret of Anjou is crowned queen consort at Westminster (30 May) English begin surrender of captured territory to French 1447 Richard, Duke of York, is appointed lieutenant of Ireland 1448 English surrender Le Mans to French 1449 English surrender Rouen to French 1450 Cade’s Rebellion Richard of York returns from Ireland 1451 French capture Bordeaux and English surrender Bayonne 1452 English recover Bordeaux 1453 Henry VI falls ill (August) Prince Edward is born (13 October) 1454 Prince Edward is designated Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (15 March) Richard of York is appointed Protector of the Realm (27 March) Henry VI recovers (December) Appendix   1455 Richard of York resigns as Protector (February) Henry VI is wounded at first Battle of St. Albans (22 May) Council declares Henry VI incapacitated (11 November) Richard of York is again appointed Protector of the Realm (19 November) 1456 Richard of York resigns as Protector of the Realm (25 February) 1458 Reconciliation of the nobility is celebrated (25 March) 1459 Battle of Blore Heath (23 September) Battle of Ludford Bridge (12 October) Parliament convenes at Coventry and declares the York party traitors (20 November) 1460 Henry VI is captured at the Battle of Northampton (10 July) Queen Margaret and Prince Edward take refuge in Scotland Henry VI (imprisoned in the Tower of London) designates the Duke of York heir to the English throne (31 October) Duke of York is killed at Battle of Wakefield (30 December) 1461 Battle of Mortimer’s Cross (2 February) Second Battle of St. Albans frees Henry VI, who knights Prince Edward (17 February) Edward of York claims crown of England (4 March) Battle of Towton routs the Lancastrians (29 March) Henry VI, Queen Margaret, and Prince Edward take refuge near the Scottish border Edward of York is crowned as Edward IV (28 June) Charles VII of France dies; Louis XI accedes to throne of France (22 July) 1463 Queen Margaret, Prince Edward, and supporters take refuge in St. Mihiel, France 1465...