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NOTES INTRODUCTION ∞. With their rich tradition in social democracy, such a division was particularly visible in Sweden and Denmark, but it is a division that one can find in countless historical examples. ≤. See http://www.malmo.se/Kommun-politik/Om-oss/Statistik-om-Malmo/01.Befolkning /Folkmangd-Oresundsregionen.html; http://www.scb.se/Pages/Table AndCharte287608.aspx (accessed June 21, 2010). ≥. Calculated from http://www.malmo.se/Kommun-politik/Om-oss/Statistik-omMalmo /01.-Befolkning/Folkmangd-Oresundsregionen.html, http://www.scb.se/ Pages/TableAndCharte287608.aspx, and http://www.statistikbanken.dk (accessed June 21, 2010). ∂. See http://www.tendensoresund.org/sv/flyttstrommar/flyttarns-aldersstruktur and http://www.tendensoresund.org/sv/pendlingen-over-oresund (both accessed June 21, 2010). ∑. Many social scientists have been expertly documenting the growth and development of the Øresund Region. See, e.g., Berg, Linde-Laursen, and Löfgren 2000 and 2002; LindeLaursen 1995 and 2010; Idvall 1997 and 2000; Nilsson 1999 and 2000; O’Dell 2003. ∏. This argument was tied to a centuries-old political movement known as Scandinavismen , which sought to bring together Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. Fredrik Nilsson (2000), among others, traces this movement admirably. π. This is similar to other nationalist and subnationalist movements that have emerged more forcefully as the EU has gained power; see, e.g., Holmes 2000. ∫. It is important to note that even this tone of economic competition with other Swedish cities is emblematic of changes under way. The People’s Home was solidaristic as a unit: a whole redistributive net ensured (theoretical) equality among all corners of the state. For the Øresund Region to hope to best Stockholm in a competition for human and global capital is distinctly unsolidaristic. Ω. In the copious literature from political science and economics, ‘‘regionalization’’ refers to the notion that entire countries are banding together in the face of changes in the global economy (see Perkmann and Sum 2002; Frankel 1998; Hammarlund 2005). For example, the EU and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) are twentiethcentury examples of regionalization. Sweden and Denmark have a long tradition of this sort of regionalization, having banded together with the rest of the Nordic countries as a trade-cultural-legal-monetary bloc on the world stage several times in the past. ∞∏∂ Notes to Pages ∞≠–≤∞ ∞≠. See Kockel 2002; Narotzky and Smith 2006 for other discussions of European regionalization e√orts. ∞∞. Borneman and Fowler (1997) have helpfully christened this process ‘‘Europeanization.’’ ∞≤. For more on Europeanization, see Balibar 2004; Bellier and Wilson 2000; Corbett 2005; Harmsen and Wilson 2000; Kaelberer 2004; Risse 2010; Shore 2000, 2005; Spohn and Triandafyllidou 2003. ∞≥. There are people who disagree with Shore on this point. See, e.g., Böröcz and Sarkar 2005. ∞∂. See Hart 2001, 2006; Helleiner 2003; Lee 1996; Maurer 2005; North 1999; O’Doherty et al. 1999; Thorne 1996; Williams 1996. ∞∑. There is a technical distinction between LETS exchange rings and local ‘‘scrip’’ money. The former relies on receipts and accounting, whereas the latter relies on coupons that behave much like standard currency. Since I am mostly interested in the moral debates underpinning these currencies, I will not worry about the distinction. Both forms of local currency rely on the same monetary theories, and both try—in their own ways— to circumscribe the boundaries of exchange by turning away from national currencies. ∞∏. When I first moved to Malmö, I acquired an apartment that seemed ideal, though it was a bit out of my price range. I boldly claimed it, assuming I could find a roommate with no trouble at all. Instead, I discovered that the ethos of independence was so strong that agreeing to share an apartment was considered almost taboo. When I finally secured someone ‘‘bohemian’’ enough to consider the proposition, he informed me months later that many of his acquaintances assumed we were homosexual partners. 1. IMAGINING UTOPIA, CONSTRUCTING ØRESUND ∞. See Foucault 1986. ≤. See Buck-Morss 2000; Crapanzano 2003; Miyazaki 2006. ≥. Some of these works were alluded to above, others will be studied in particular chapters. For now, su≈ce it to say that Ambjörnsson’s 1981 study is an excellent investigation of the utopian imagination. Strindberg is, of course, one of the rare Swedes who is frequently referenced by people outside of Sweden in discussions of modern literature. He was a fond advocate of Quiding’s programmatic utopian outline, Slutliqvid med Sveriges Lag (1978 [1886]), and he also produced several utopian short stories himself, e.g., Utopier i Verkligheten (1987 [1885]). ∂. I am not referring to Engels’ (1978) understanding...

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