The End of the Holocaust

Notes

Recto Runningfoot 281 Introduction 1. Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi, Zakhor: Jewish History and Jewish Memory (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1982), p. 98. 2. Raul Hilberg, The Politics of Memory: The Journey of a Holocaust Historian (Chicago: Ivan Dee, 1996), p. 83. 3. Imre Kertész, “Who Owns Auschwitz?” The Yale Journal of Criticism 14, no. 1 (2001): p. 268. 4. Raul Hilberg, Perpetrators Victims Bystanders: The Jewish Catastrophe, 1933– 1945 (New York: Harper Collins, 1992), p. xi. 5. Primo Levi, The Reawakening, trans. Stuart Woolf (New York: Collier Books, 1993), p. 207. 6. Shai Oster, “Shoah Business: Humour and the ‘Second Generation,’” The Jewish Quarterly (Autumn 1998): pp. 13–18. 7. “Imre Kertész, “Language in Exile” [unpublished English translation of a Hungarian essay, courtesy of the author.] 8. Jean Améry, Radical Humanism: Selected Essays, trans. Sidney Rosenfeld and Stella P. Rosenfeld (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984), pp. 64–65. 1. Popular Culture and the Politics of Memory The epigraph is from Milan Kundera, The Joke (New York: Harper & Row, 1982), p. 245. 1. John Bodnar, author of Remaking America: Public Memory, Commemoration, and Patriotism, as quoted in “A Belated Place in U.S. History,” New York Times, March 6, 1997. 2. Newsweek, April 29, 1985, p. 14. 3. New York Times, March 22, 1985. 4. Ibid., March 22, 1985; April 22, 1985. 5. Ibid., April 19, 1985. 6. Ibid., May 6, 1985. 7. Ibid. 8. Indiana Daily Student, May 1, 1985, and The Notre Dame Observer, April 24, 1985. notes 282 the end of the holocaust 9. See Alvin H. Rosenfeld, Imagining Hitler (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985), pp. 13–25. 10. For a review of Love Letters to Adolf Hitler, which first was staged in Berlin in 1996 and, in an expanded version, opened in New York in January 1997, see “Even Hitler Had His Groupies,” New York Times, January 11, 1997. 11. Gordon Craig, The Germans (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1982), p. 80. 12. Norman Spinrad, The Iron Dream (New York: Avon Books, 1972), p. 9. For a comprehensive study of allohistorical fictions about Nazi Germany, including numerous such works about Hitler, see Gavriel Rosenfeld, The World Hitler Never Made: Alternate History and the Memory of Nazism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005). 13. Cited in Philadelphia Jewish Exponent, June 28, 1985. 14. “The Hitler Business,” Life, July 1983, pp. 83–88. 15. Robert G. L. Waite, The Psychopathic God: Adolf Hitler (New York: Basic Books, 1977), p. xi. 16. See Geoffrey Hartman, ed., Bitburg in Moral and Political Perspective (Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 1986), pp. 262–273. 2. The Rhetoric of Victimization 1. Christopher Lasch, The Minimal Self: Psychic Survival in Troubled Times (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1984), p. 64. The words quoted as an epigraph to this chapter are taken from pages 111 and 129 of this same book. 2. New York Times Sunday Magazine, December 15, 1996, p. 21. 3. Los Angeles Times, October 1, 1995. 4. See Joseph A. Amato, Victims and Values: A History and a Theory of Suffering (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1990), pp. 159–160. For astute commentary on the “black holocaust,” see Eric J. Sundquist, Strangers in the Land: Blacks, Jews, Post-Holocaust America (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005). 5. The quotation, from “The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte,” can be found in The Marx-Engels Reader, ed. Robert C. Tucker (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1978), p. 594. 6. “Using Nazi Images to Hit Political Opponents Now a Common Tack,” New York Times, October 23, 1995. 7. Elie Wiesel, “Some Questions that Remain Open,” in Comprehending the Holocaust, ed. Asher Cohen, Joav Gelber, and Charlotte Wardi (Frankfurt am Main: Verlag Peter Lang, 1988), p. 11. 8. Edward Alexander, The Jewish Idea and Its Enemies (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1988), 99–109. 9. Zlata Filipović, Zlata’s Diary: A Child’s Life in Sarajevo, trans. Christina Pribichevich-Zoric (New York: Viking, 1994). 10. Cara Wilson, Love, Otto: The Legacy of Anne Frank (Kansas City: Andrews and McMeel, 1995), p. 96. 11. Louis Daniel Brodsky, Gestapo Crows: Holocaust Poems (St. Louis, Mo.: Time Being Books, 1992), p. 100. 12. Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1963), pp. 305–307. 13. Amato, Victims and Values, pp. xvii, xxiii. 282 notes to pages 25–49 Recto Runningfoot 283 14. Tzvetan Todorov, “The Abuses of...