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Note on Transliteration and Translation Throughout this book I use the Library of Congress system of transliteration for Ukrainian and Russian. However, for purposes of simplification, I transcribe the Ukrainian letter“ï” as“yi” (an exception to this is the use of Ukraina in the text, not Ukrayina) and the Russian letter “ë” as “yo.” When a Russian word or phrase is given, I indicate this by the abbreviation “Rus.” If no indication is given, the transliterated word or phrase is Ukrainian. When both Ukrainian and Russian variants are given, they are distinguished by the abbreviations “Ukr.” and “Rus.” Most words and names commonly used in English appear in their most familiar variants, usually transliterations from the Russian. I use Chernobyl, for example, rather than the Ukrainian Chornobyl’; glasnost rather than the Ukrainian hlasnist’; and perestroika rather than the Ukrainian perebudova. Other place names, however, are transliterated from the Ukrainian instead of the Russian: Kyiv (not Kiev); Kharkiv (not Kharkov); L’viv (not L’vov), and so on. Exceptions are made when presenting quotes and narratives from activists who referred to place names in Russian. In the text and bibliography I refer to published Ukrainian and Russian authors according to how they write their names in English. I have assigned most key informants pseudonyms and spellings that correspond to their ethnic self-identification. For example, I use Svetlana for a woman who identifies as Russian, rather than the Ukrainian variant of this name, Svitlana. Alternatively, I use Vira for an informant who identifies as ethnically Ukrainian (but speaks Russian), instead of the Russian variant, Vera. Direct quotes and words or phrases used by informants during interviews and casual speech are transliterated and translated according to the language used by the informant. All translations are my own, except where otherwise noted. ...

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