Truman and MacArthur: Policy, Politics, and the Hunger for Honor and Renown

Notes

Notes Introduction David M. Pletcher, 1. The Diplomacy of Annexation: Texas, Oregon, and the Mexican War (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1973), 456n44; Stephen W. Sears, George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1988), 227–28; Donald Smythe, Pershing: General of the Armies (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986), 220–22. In February 1966, Johnson said to Westmoreland “I hope you don’t pull a MacArthur on me.” Westmoreland subsequently wrote in his memoirs that “I had no intention of crossing him in any way”; see William C. Westmoreland, A Soldier Reports (New York: Dell Paperbacks, 1980), 207; Bernard W. Rogers (Mark Clark’s executive officer in June 1953) to LTC Scott Stephenson, 3 May 2000, copy in possession of this writer. General Wesley Clark’s campaign is treated in the postscript of this book. Since this is a book about U.S. government policy and frequently quotes govern2 . ment documents, I chose to spell Chinese proper nouns as did officialdom during the period under discussion. Not until January 1979 did the U.S. government adopt the pinyin alphabet that changed Mao Tse-tung into Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek into Jiang Jieshi, Chou En-lai into Zhou Enlai, and the Kuomintang into the Guomindang. However, when the original source I quote uses the pinyin spelling, I will copy it as so used. Truman and MacArthur, before Korea LTC Gerald Wilkinson to British Foreign Office, quoted in Christopher Thorne, 1. Allies of a Kind: The United States, Britain and the War against Japan, 1941–1945 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978), 370n39. WWII Australian General Thomas Blamey, quoted in D. M. Horner, “Blamey 2. and MacArthur: The Problem of Coalition Warfare,” in William M. Leary, ed., We Shall Return! MacArthur’s Commanders and the Defeat of Japan 1942–1945 (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1988), 58. Quote on physical condition from Lieutenant Colonel (LTC) James Quirk, 20 3. Feb. 1951, in Rory Quirk, Wars and Peace: The Memoir of an American Family (Novato, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1999), 169. The intermittent speculation about MacArthur’s physical condition had to be tentative. He rejected annual medical examinations, army regulations notwithstanding; see Roger Olaf Egeberg, M.D., The General: MacArthur and the Man He Called ‘Doc’ (New York: Hippocrene Books, 1983), 38, 93, 212. Egeberg mentions MacArthur’s “usually very mild intention tremor.” Colonel Norman Scott, M.D., was able to examine MacArthur thoroughly as his attending physician in 1964. The doctor says “unequivocally, he did NOT have Parkinson’s Disease,” see Scott to Pearlman, 13 Dec. 2000, in possession of the author. 276 ✪ Notes to pages 3–6 Paul Rogers, 4. The Good Years: MacArthur and Sutherland (New York: Praeger, 1990), xvi, 240–41, and Major General (MG) Edwin K. Wright, “Oral History,” 28 August, 1971, 43, Douglas MacArthur Memorial Foundation Library [hereafter MMFL]; quote on MacArthur as an actor from William Allen White in Carol Morris Petillo, Douglas MacArthur: The Philippine Years (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981), 122; Mrs. MacArthur cited in Understanding and Remembering: 50th Anniversary of the Korean War International Symposium (General Douglas MacArthur Memorial Foundation, 2003), 143; West Point Chaplain James David Ford quoting MacArthur in PBS videofilm, West Point: The First 200 Years. Entry, 17 June 1945, in John W. Huston, 5. American Airpower Comes of Age: General Henry H. “Hap” Arnold’s World War II Diaries (Maxwell Air Force Base: Air University Press, 2002), 2:335; Brigadier General (BG) Charles J. West, “Oral History,” 14 July 1977, 86, MMFL; Egeberg, The General, 93, 169. For Pinky, see MacArthur aide T. J. Davis, cited in Charles Burton Marshall, 6. “The Very Image of a General,” Washington Post Book World, 11 Oct. 1970, 21; Kenneth Ray Young, The General’s General: The Life and Times of Arthur MacArthur (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1994), 130, 164; MacArthur, 18 Nov. 1951, in Doulgas MacArthur, General MacArthur: Speeches and Reports, 1908–1964, ed. Edward T. Imparato (Paducah: Turner Publishing, 2000), 196, and 8 Sept. 1942, quoted in Petillo, MacArthur: Philippine Years, 251–52. Young, 7. General’s General, 17–19, 74–79, 288, 294, 298; John Hersey, Men on Bataan, (New York: Knopf, 1942), 45; classmate quoted in Geoffrey Perret, Old Soldiers Never Die: The Life of Douglas MacArthur (Holbrook, Mass.: Adams Media, 1986), 42; MacArthur, ca. 1918, quoted in Stanley Karnow, In Our Image: America’s Empire in the Philippines (New York: Ballantine, 1990), 260. Young, 8. General’s General, 308–10, 320–21; Roosevelt quoted and issue...