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xi Many people helped me in this daunting and difficult project. David Roskies encouraged me to begin this book and I learned a lot from many conversations we had and from comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Havi Ben Sasson graciously took the time to share her enormous knowledge of the subject and read an earlier version of the manuscript. I am deeply grateful to Josephine Woll, Robert Shapiro, Justin Cammy, Berel Lang, Greta Slobin, Mark Slobin, Lisa Kassow, Lisa Grant, May Pleskow, Susan Pennybacker, Natalia Aleksiun, Ronald Spencer, and Kathleen Kete for their careful readings of this work and for their important suggestions, and to Raya Cohen, Joanna Michlic, Ben Nathans, Michael Steinlauf, Nancy Sherman, Aaron Lansky, and Ronald Kiener for their comments on earlier articles and chapter drafts. I appreciate the productive conversations I had with Gunnar Stephen Paulsson about the Ringelblum-Berman correspondence and fruitful discussions with Israel Gutman, Dani Blatman, and Alvin Rosenfeld. I would like to thank Deans Miller Brown and Steve Peterson for the financial support I received from Trinity College and for the dedicated work of Gigi St. Peter, the history department administrative associate at Trinity, and Mary Curry, the interlibrary loan librarian. Ewa Wolynska of Central Connecticut State University helped me decipher many Polish handwritten documents . I am very grateful to Michlean Amir, archivist at the United States Memorial Holocaust Museum, to the entire staff of the Yad Vashem Archives in Jerusalem, and to the staff of the Ghetto Fighters’ Museum at Beit Lohamei Ha-getaot. I am indebted to Eleonora Bergman of the Jewish Historical Institute of Warsaw who helped in my research there, and who read my work acknowledgments and gave me invaluable suggestions. I also thank Jan Jagielski of the Jewish Historical Institute and Elana Weiser of Yad Vashem for their help in making photographic reproductions available to me from their collections. My work in Poland benefited greatly from the kindness of Dr. Feliks Tych, the director of the Jewish Historical Institute, and from Professor Monika Garbowska of the Marie Curie University in Lublin. Alan Schiffman endowed a Trinity research fund which aided my research significantly. I am also grateful to the staff of the YIVO archives and library, including Fruma Mohrer, Marek Webb, Leo Greenbaum, Aviva Astrinsky, and Yeihaya Metal. I warmly acknowledge the financial support I received from the International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX). I thankfully appreciate and acknowledge the magisterial scholarship of Ruta Sakowska, whose work on Ringelblum taught me much. I owe a large debt of gratitude to my editor Janet Rabinowitch of Indiana University Press for her patience and encouragement, and to Miki Bird, Jen Maceyko, and Rita Bernhard. Finally, a heartfelt thank you to my loving wife Lisa, and to my special daughters Miri and Serena, who will always remind me of what is most important in life. xii Acknowledgments ...

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