Islanders in the Empire: Filipino and Puerto Rican Laborers in Hawai'i

Index

217 Index Abinales, Patricio, on patronage in the Philippines, 99 Abril, Bernabella, 51, 67 Abril, Sen. Mariano, 75, 81; receives worker complaint petition, 82 Adams, Gerald, on bells of Balangiga, 168 Aducayan, Ambrocio, 62 Aguilar, Filomeno, on sugar industry, 52 alien citizens, 6 Allen, Charles H., 30, 39 American Legion, 80–81 American Samoa, U.S. jurisdiction in, 2 Amoroso, Marcella Queypo, 52 Ancheta, Lope, 53, 57 Anderson, Tommy F., 122, 131, 142 Anglo anxieties over incorporation, 97 Anglo laborers, 84–85 Ang Sandata (newspaper), 103 Antaran, Policarpio, 57 anti-Filipino attitudes, 61 Armesquita, Vincente, 34, 36 arrests, Puerto Rican in Hawai‘i, 81 assimilation: policies promoting, 6–7; stereotypes, 41 Ayala, César, on plantation development in Puerto Rico, 18 Baker, Newton D., 82 Balangiga, bells of. See bells of Balangiga Balangiga Research Group, 171 Baldoz, Rick, on Filipino workers on West Coast, 72 Balmori, Joaquin, 100 bangos (work ID numbers), 63 Bankoff, Greg, on U.S. denial of imperialism , 8 banks: Filipino deposits in, 53; HSPA assistance with, 68 Belen, Patricio, 126 Bell, Maj. Gen. Franklin, 168 bells of Balangiga, 24, 168–71; ownership , 168; return authorized, 171 Bergad, Laird, on coffee laborers, 33, 90 Binay, Jejomar, 171 blacklisting, labor, 90 blacksmiths, plantation, 86 border control, 8 Bureau of Insular Affairs (BIA), 26, 41, 48, 76, 82, 85, 96, 97, 159; power to Philippine Bureau of Labor, 97–98; referral process, 76–77 Bureau of Labor and Statistics (for HSPA), 58, 79 Bush, George H. W., declares Puerto Rico equivalent to a state, 166 Butler, J. K. 58, 68, 71109, 126 Cabalo, Munico, 69 California, Puerto Rican migration from Hawai‘i to, 92 Cariaga, Roman, on returning Filipino laborers, 62 Carr, Norma: on Puerto Rican women and food in Hawai‘i, 29; on cultural nationalism, 38; on Puerto Rican arrests in Hawai‘i, 81 Casino, Teodoro, sponsors Balagiga Bells return bill, 171 Catholic church, 131–32; disrupts Protestant services, 134; position on bells of Balangiga, 170 Catholicism in Puerto Rico, 13 Cavino, Jose, 86 218 Index chain migration, 50, 53, 54, 69, 70 Cheney, Dick, on bells of Balangiga, 168–69 Cheyenne, Wyo., 168–69 childbirth, en route to Hawai‘i, 30 children, HSPA policies toward, 67–68 churches. See Protestant church citizenship: challenges to Puerto Rican, 79; debates over Filipino and Puerto Rican, 5, 41; Hawai‘i Supreme Court decision on, 79–80; Supreme Court ruling on, 1–2; U.S. plenary power over, 4; voting and, 78 civil service jobs, Puerto Ricans in, 92 Clinton, Bill, on bells of Balangiga, 169 coffee: crop destroyed by hurricane, 25; decline of market, 25 coffee plantations: labor relationships on Puerto Rican, 33, 90; permanent laborers on, 33; worker independence on, 33 Colondre, Jacinto, 157 colonial communication, 77, 83, 86; directives on, 83; map, 77; restrictions on official, 83 colonial subjects, status of Spanish, 26 colonialism, U.S., 163; consistency of, 3; denial of concept of U.S., 164; policies , 10 Commonwealth Party, 166 Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 130 consular offices, foreign in Hawai‘i, 83; handling worker complaints, 84 consul generals, labor issues handled by, 22 contract labor, ban in Hawai‘i, 4 Correa, Antonio G., 80 Cortezan, C. C., 67 cultural nationalism, Puerto Rican, 38 Dagdag, Gaspar, 69 Dagdag, Juan, 69 Dagdag, Leon and Bernardino, 69 Dagdag, Victoriano, 69 dancing, religious opposition to, 135 Danlag, Claudio, 63 Davila, Felix Cordova, 82 day laborers (jornaleros), 33 Daza, Eugenio, 168 Deacon, H., 144–45 de Fiesta, Federico, 69 de Fiesta, Severino, 69 de la Rosa, Eufemio, 86 Delmendo, Sharon, on bells of Balangiga , 168 Department of Labor, reports on labor conditions, 32 Desha, Stephen L., Sr., 80 de Soto, Aurelie, 29 Dias, Tanilau, 78 Dillingham, B. F., 152 Dimas-Alang, 126 Dinson, Severo, 62 diseases, spread in pre-expansion Hawai‘i, 11 Dizon, N. C., 117 Downes v. Bidwell, 10 Draytom, Juan, 34 Duany, Jorge: on Puerto Rican nationalism , 38; on stereotypes, 42 Eckart, C. F., 84 Elective Governors Act, 165 Elizarry, Marlin, 157 España-Maram, Linda, on single-male Filipinos, 61 Eugenio, Macario, 135, 136 Evangelista, Antonio, 100 Evardone, Ben, 171 exceptionalism, U.S., 163 family issues, Progressive focus on Puerto Rican, 14 family reunions, 66–68; formalized process for, 66; limited support for, 67; on Ola‘a plantation, 66 Farrington, Wallace, 107, 111, 116 Filipinization, 12, 96, 97–99, 105, 106, 109, 113; officials as elites, 99; religious orders promote, 123; sovereignty promised through, 97 Filipino Evangelical Church, 124 Filipino labor: anti-tuberculosis campaign , 114–15...