Sex Tourism in Bahia: Ambiguous Entanglements

Index

Index advertising. See sex tourism marketing Afro-Brazilian culture: attitudes, 171nn14– 15; Bahian tourism, 30–43; Black Mecca marketing, 29–32; commodification, 21–22; complexity of racial identification, 51–52; cultural elements/sex relationship, 80–81; economic value, 41–42; eroticization history, 56–57; hypersexuality-sacred ritual link representation, 57; “racial democracy ” relationship, 56–57; racialized eroticization, 5, 16, 56–63; reality of Afro Brazilian people vs., 55–56; tourist industry role, 32–34; and women, 50–51, 61–62. See also Candomblé Agustín, Laura María, 148, 153 Alexander, M. Jacqui, 5–6, 58, 82, 106, 154 Allen, Jafari Sinclaire, 10, 71, 153, 163 Altman, Dennis, 5, 104 The Anthropology of Sex (Donnan and McGowan ), 9 Appadurai, Arjun, 6 Aprosba (Association of Prostitutes of Bahia): accomplishments, 101–3; affiliations , 106–7, 111; citizenship rights, 107; decriminalization, 104–6; education, 111–13; empowerment, 98, 100, 107–8, 109; enterprises, 107–8; health and safety information, 111–13; legitimization, 100, 104–6; logo, 113; meetings, 1, 97–98; member -to-member support, 97–98; Ministry of Health and Culture, 175n12; overviews, 97–101, 123–25; research, 12–16; transnational solidarities, 123–24 Araújo, Joel Zito, 76, 105 Assis, Glaucia de Oliveira, 70–71 Association of Prostitutes of Bahia (Aprosba ). See Aprosba (Association of Prostitutes of Bahia) Babb, Florence, 10 Bahia: Afro-Brazilian cultural tourism, 22, 30–43; as Black Mecca, 3, 21, 22, 29–32; Candomblé, 30–31; demographics, 8; economy, 27–28; ethnicity, 29–30; as gay tourism mecca, 65; history, 170n12; poverty and inequality, 27–28; racism, 31–32; Rastafarianism, 30; sex tourism focus in advertising, 47–48; sex tourism overview, 3–7; as tourism leader, 28–29. See also Salvador Bahian icons (baianas), 32–33 Bahian-ness, 31, 34 Bahians, 37. See also Afro-Brazilian culture Bahia state tourism agency (Bahiatursa), 28, 30–31 Bahiatursa, 28, 30–31 baianas (Bahian icons), 32–33 baianidade (Bahian-ness), 31, 34 Bananas, Beaches, and Bases (Enloe), 69 Barra, 23, 25, 44–45 Barry, Kathleen, 103, 148 Bastide, Roger, 54, 56 Beijo da Rua, 107 Bernstein, Elizabeth, 89 Bevins, Vincent, 166 black gay sex tourism, 65–67, 79–82 202 Index black hypersexuality mythology, 2–3, 5, 11–12, 45–46, 59–62 Black Mecca (also Black Rome/Roma Negra ), 3, 21, 22, 29–32, 170n12 black woman (escura, negra, or preta), 51–52 Blanchette, Thaddeus, 78, 152, 158 Bocão, Eduardo, 76 Boellstorff, Tom, 161 Boris, Eileen, 139–40 branca (white woman), 40, 52 Brazil, 45, 52–56, 62–63, 172nn11–12 Brazilian Classification of Occupations (Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações), 99, 101 Brazilian Network of Prostitutes (Rede Brasileira de Prostitutas), 106–7, 108–10 Brazilian women of African descent, 50–52, 85–86, 92–93, 95–96. See also mulata Brennan, Denise, 6, 86, 153 brothel, 36, 88 brown woman (morena, mulata, negra, or parda), 50, 51–52 Bruner, Edward M., 92 Burdick, John, 51–52 “butt culture,” 45 Cabezas, Amalia, 100, 116, 124, 163 caçador (hunter), 12, 20, 43, 44, 134, 161 caça-gringas (hunter of foreign women), 14–15, 19–21, 44–45, 169nn1–2 Caldwell, Kia Lilly, 3, 49 call girls (garotas de programa), 25 Camacho, Ernest, 66 Candomblé: commodification for tourism, 30–31, 38–41, 57–58, 171nn17–19; intolerance as racism manifestation, 172n12 capoeira, 21, 33 Carby, Hazel, 154 Cardoso, Fernando Henrique, 54, 55 Carioca School (Escola Carioca), 55 Carnaval, 74 Carneiro, Edson, 39 Carneiro, Sueli, 50 casa (house of prostitution), 36, 88 CATW (Coalition Against Trafficking in Women), 48, 103, 177n10 CEDECA, 77 Center for Information for Women from Asia, Africa, and Latin America (FIZ), 144–45 Centro Histórico (Historic Center), 18, 23, 25 CHAME (Humanitarian Center for the Support of Women): anti-trafficking education , 142, 149–53; Aprosba (Association of Prostitutes of Bahia) collaboration, 144; assumptions about low-income Brazilian women of African descent, 149–56, 177–78n8; exploitation vs. se valorizando, 136–37; mission, 144; primary functions, 145; research methodology, 12–13; sex tourism research, 70; trafficking definition, 149 chapter overviews, 16–17 Chequer, Pedro, 100 Children and the Politics of Culture (Stephens ), 77 child sexual exploitation: complexity and ambiguity, 77, 78; prevention organizations and campaigns, 74–75, 77–78, 173nn8–9, 173n12, 174n3; research and statistics, 74–75, 77, 173nn7–9; sample case, 75–76 Cidade Alta (Upper City), 23 Cidade Baixa (film), 126 Cidade Baixa (Lower City), 23 Cidade des Homens (City of Men), 24 Cinderelas, Lobos, e um Principe Ecantado (Cinderellas, Wolves, and...