Palomino: Clinton Jencks and Mexican-American Unionism in the American Southwest

Notes

Notes Introduction 1. James J. Lorence, “Mining Salt of the Earth,” Wisconsin Magazine of History 85 (Winter 2001–2002), 30. 2. Ibid., 34–35. 3. Clinton E. Jencks, letter to author, October 17, 2002, author’s files. 4. See, for example, Ellen Baker, On Strike and On Film: Mexican American Families and Blacklisted Filmmakers (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007); Zaragosa Vargas, Labor Rights Are Civil Rights (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007); and “Challenges to Solidarity: The Mexican American Fight for Social and Economic Justice, 1946–1963,” in Anticommunism and the African American Freedom Movement: “Another Side of the Story,” ed. Robbie Lieberman and Clarence Lang (London: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2009), 189–227; Mario T. Garcia, Mexican Americans: Leadership, Ideology, and Identity, 1930–1960 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989); Juan Gomez-Quiñones, Mexican American Labor, 1790–1990 (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1994); Vicki L. Ruiz, From Out of the Shadows: Mexican Women in Twentieth-Century America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998); Nancy MacLean, Freedom Is Not Enough: The Opening of the American Workplace (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006); Ellen Schrecker, “How Red Is a Valley: Clinton Jencks and His Union,” in Many Are the Crimes: McCarthyism in America (Boston: Little, Brown, 1998), 309–48; Deborah Rosenfelt (with Michael Wilson), Salt of the Earth (Old Westbury, NY: Feminist Press, 1978); Jack Cargill, “‘Empire and Opposition’: The Salt of the Earth Strike,” in Labor in New Mexico: Unions, Strikes, and Social History since 1881, ed. Robert Kern (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1983), 183–267; James J. Lorence, The Suppression of Salt of the Earth: How Hollywood, Big Labor, and Politicians Blacklisted a Film in Cold War America (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1999). 5. For a summary of the Mine-Mill thrust toward radical social change in the Southwest, see Baker, On Strike and On Film, 7–8. The questionable thesis that Jencks was “sent” by the Communist Party to bring their “revolutionary worldview” to Grant County is best expressed by Robert C. Hodges, “The Making and Unmaking of Salt of the Earth: A Cautionary Tale,” unpublished PhD diss., University of Kentucky, 1997, 44–45. 6. Qtd. in Lorence, Suppression, 39; Linda Jencks Rageh, email to author, March 31, 2010. Lorence_Palomino.indd 203 2/19/13 12:12 PM 7. For discussion of the role of gender in the strike and the film, as well as the relationship between gender and class, see Baker, On Strike and On Film, 9; see also Kate Weigand, Red Feminism: American Communism and the Making of Women’s Liberation (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), 131–34, and Rosenfelt, Salt of the Earth, 135–46. For the broader impact of women’s activism in Mine-Mill, see Laurie Mercier, Anaconda: Labor, Community, and Culture in Montana’s Smelter City (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2001), 160–72, and MacLean, Freedom Is Not Enough, 164. 8. For full discussion of the many definitions of feminism, see Dorothy Sue Cobble , The Other Women’s Movement: Workplace Justice and Social Rights in Modern America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004), esp. chapter 1. Chapter 1. Growing Up Concerned 1. This account of early Jencks family history is drawn from United States Federal Census, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1900, and 1910; “Genealogical Tables,” comp. DeWitt C. Jencks; DeWitt C. Jencks to the Descendants of DeWitt C. Jencks, August 5, 1901, in “Century Chest” Collection, Colorado Springs, Colorado College Special Collections , Tutt Library; Colorado Springs, Colorado City, and Manitou City Directory, 1905–1906 (Colorado Springs: R. L. Polk, and Co., 1906), vol. 2. An important source on Jencks-Smith family history is Bill Rainwater, email to author, December 22, 2010, which includes material from several family history and genealogical projects. 2. United States Federal Census, 1900, 1910, and 1920; Colorado Springs, Colorado City, and Manitou City Directory, 1905–1906, vol. 2; and 1910, 1913, 1916; Colorado Springs Gazette, May 20, 1911, and November 26, 1923; Colorado Springs Gazette and Telegraph, September 16, 1928; Colorado Springs Free Press, July 20, 1966; see also Rainwater, emails to author, December 22 and 23, 2010. For discussion of the tourist trade in Colorado Springs and the mining boom of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, see Harvey L. Carter, ed., The Pikes Peak Region: A Sesquicentennial History (Colorado Springs: Historical Society of the Pikes Peak Region, 1956); Judith Reid Finley, Time Capsule: Colorado Springs a Century Ago (Colorado Springs: Pastwords Publishing, 1998); Jencks...