Globetrotting: African American Athletes and Cold War Politics

Notes

Notes Introduction 1. Montville, “Bill Russell,” 124. 2. Russell and Branch, Second Wind, 99. 3. Ibid., 100. 4. Ibid. 5. Russell, Go Up for Glory, 152–54. 6. Lauren, Power and Prejudice, 190, 192–93, 228; Borstelmann, Apartheid’s Reluctant Uncle, 142. 7. Krenn, Black Diplomacy, 76; Hixson, Parting the Curtain, 121; Southern, Gunnar Myrdal and Black-White Relations, 102. 8. Lauren, Power and Prejudice, 187–88; Shepherd, Racial Influences, 4. 9. Lauren, Power and Prejudice, 188; Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights, 77, 80; Krenn, Black Diplomacy, 30–31, 33. 10. “Negro Slaying Spurs Inquiry in Georgia,” New York Times, November 25, 1948; “Widow Held in Killing: Arrested at Funeral of Negro Victim in Georgia,” New York Times, November 28, 1948; “Slain Negro’s Widow Released in Georgia,” New York Times, November 29, 1948. 11. Anderson, Eyes Off the Prize, 125. 12. Ibid., 190. 13. Krenn, Black Diplomacy, 30–31, 33; Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights, 80. 14. Letter from Mr. Rusk to the Secretary of State, National Archives (NA), Record Group (RG) 59, 800/432.213. 15. Von Eschen, Race against Empire, 126, 3. 16. Singh, Black Is a Country, 178. 17. Luce, The American Century, 33–34; Herzstein, Henry R. Luce, 180. 18. U.S. Information Agency, “USIA Basic Guidance Paper,” October 22, 1957, File on Agency History, RG 306, USIA. Thomas_Text.indd 171 7/22/12 10:07 AM 172 Notes to Introduction and Chapter 1 19. “The President’s Committee on Information Activities Abroad: Africa, PCIAA no. 31,” Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library (DDEL), U.S. President’s Committee on Information Activities Abroad (Sprague Committee), Box 21, folder PCIAA #31. 20. For a detailed examination of the athletic revolution, see Scott, The Athletic Revolution. Chapter 1. The Showcase African American 1. Lanctot, Negro League Baseball, 214–16. 2. “How New York Sportswriters Viewed Big League Attitude on Admitting Colored Baseball Aces,” reprinted from the Newspaper PM article by Joe Cumminskey, New York Amsterdam News, December 11, 1943; Wendell Smith, “Publishers Place Case of Negro Players before Big League Owners,” Pittsburgh Courier, December 11, 1943; “Publishers’ Assoc. Cashes in Heavily on Big League Baseball Talk with Landis,” Atlanta Daily World, December 5, 1943. 3. “How New York Sportswriters Viewed Big League Attitude,” reprinted from the Newspaper PM article by Cumminskey; “Judge Landis, Leagues, Hear Negro Publishers ’ Plea,” New York Amsterdam News, December 11, 1943; W. Smith, “Publishers Place Case of Negro Players before Big League Owners.” 4. Ronald Smith, “Paul Robeson,” 10. 5. Duberman, Paul Robeson, xii. 6. W. Smith, “Publishers Place Case of Negro Players before Big League Owners”; Stanley Frank, “How New York Sportswriters Viewed Big League Attitude on Admitting Colored Baseball Aces,” reprinted from the New York Post article, New York Amsterdam News, December 11, 1943; “How New York Sportswriters Viewed Big League Attitude,” reprinted from the Newspaper PM article by Cumminskey; “Judge Landis, Leagues, Hear Negro Publishers’ Plea.” 7. W. Smith, “Publishers Place Case of Negro Players before Big League Owners.” 8. Ibid.; Alvin Moses, “Beating the Gun,” Atlanta Daily World, December 19, 1943; Bob Williams, “Demand House Probe of Jim Crow Baseball,” Cleveland Call and Post, May 5, 1945; Joel W. Smith, “Surveying the Sports Front,” Atlanta Daily World, December 12, 1943. 9. W. Smith, “Publishers Place Case of Negro Players before Big League Owners.” 10. Stout, “Tryout and Fallout,” 11–15. 11. Dorinson and Warmund, Jackie Robinson, 5; Tygiel, Baseball’s Great Experiment , 37. 12. Knee, “Jim Crow Strikes Out,” 76. 13. Tygiel, The Jackie Robinson Reader, 147; Tygiel, Baseball’s Great Experiment, 206. 14. Zirin, What’s My Name, Fool?, 42–43; Van Deburg, Black Camelot, 100–101; Knee, “Jim Crow Strikes Out,” 76. 15. Dan W. Dodson, “The Integration of Negroes in Baseball,” in The Jackie Robinson Reader, ed. Tygiel, 162, 166; Tygiel, Baseball’s Great Experiment, 55. 16. Prior to Robinson’s first game as a member of the Brooklyn Dodgers, Bob Finch, Branch Rickey’s secretary, had spoken to white groups about the “touchy subject of equality for all men.” Finch argued that Robinson was “symbolic of what all Americans Thomas_Text.indd 172 7/22/12 10:07 AM Notes to Chapter 1 173 want, an opportunity for everyone.” He warned those who were opposed to integration that their efforts to hinder desegregation “would be a reflection on the democracy under which we live.” Given the Cold War context of the integration of Major League...