Indigenous Women and Work: From Labor to Activism

Index

index Note: Page numbers in italics indicate figures. Abner, Annie, 222n4 Aboriginal Curatorial Collective, 4 Aborigines, Australia: multiculturalism rejected by, 16; organizations concerned with, 12–13, 82; unionists’ exclusion of male workers, 10. See also Tasmanian Aboriginal communities —women: post-sealing trade roles of, 64– 67; sealing industry roles of, 61–64; travels and adventures of, 67–70. See also sealing industry Aborigines, Canada: initiatives to secure rights, 108, 114–15; marginalization of, 159; overview of rights issues, ix–x. See also First Nations; Inuit people —women: agency of, 38–39, 40n2; constructed as nonproductive and peripheral to fur industry, 149; life histories retrieved by, 32–33, 39; status rights lost in intermarriage and in citizenship, 17, 22n7 Aborigines Protection Board (NSW, Australia ), 12–13 Aborigines Protection Society (Queensland), 82 Abourezk, J., 248 acculturation policy: differences across states, 36–37; gender normativity and, 28–29, 35. See also assimilation and integration acorn-centered subsistence, 165, 167–69 activists. See Black Unity; grassroots activism ; political activism; urban community activism Adams, Elizabeth, 157, 157 Admiral Cockburn (ship), 69 adoption: forced, 247–48; promoted for unwed mothers, 179, 184–85, 186. See also child removal policies, U.S. African Americans: as labor competition, 35 agency: Aboriginal, 38–39, 40n2; attenuated in later sealing industry, 68–69; indentured women’s shaped by colonization, 74, 81–84; of Northfork Mono women, 163–64, 175–76; sexual, of women, 182–83; victimization vs., 60 agricultural fairs: Ojibwe uses of, 141–43, 144; spud peeling contest at, 95, 95–96 agriculture: of Anishinaabeg, 49–50; colonial emphasis on, for Aboriginal peoples, 88, 91, 92, 112, 142, 167; commercialization’s effects on, 89; decline of labor in, 53, 56; extension agents and, 200–204; gendered notions of, 11–12, 94–96, 95; Indian boys trained for, 28, 50, 180; local and regional markets for, 93–94; masculinization of, 88, 92; mechanization of, 79–80, 93–94, 96, 173; pest control in, 80; self-sufficiency linked to, 92–93; subsistence activities combined with reservation-based, 168–69; sugar beet growing, 159–60. See also livestock; potato cultivation; seasonal agricultural labor; sugar industry Aid to Dependent Children (later Aid to Families with Dependent Children, U.S.), 179, 186 AIM (American Indian Movement), 30, 247, 249–51 Albers, Patricia, 29, 121 Alberta (Canada): women as rural laborers in, 159–60 Alcatraz Island: occupation of, 247, 250, 251 Alexandria Bedding Company, 197 allotments: effects of, in general, 93, 94–95, 120; for Northfork Mono people, 166–68; potato cultivation and, 93; women’s land ownership and, 35. See also land issues; relocation programs American Indian Movement (AIM), 30, 247, 249–51 American Indians. See Native American people Amsden, C. A., 126 Andersen, Bill, 256, 264, 265, 265nn3–4 Anderson, Ian, 64 Anfield, Earl, 106–7 Anishinaabeg (People of the Three Fires): as- 280 Index similation policies’ impact on, 48, 49–50; children removed to residential schools, 50–53; cultural identities maintained by, 57–58; decline of rural communities, 53–54; industrial economic context of, 54–55; land cessions of, 138; reflections on, 56–58; subsistence strategies of, 137–39; urban migration of, 52–54, 57; women’s roles in, 160–61. See also Anishinaabe women; Ojibwe women Anishinaabe women: approach to, 46–47; assimilation pressures on, 49–50; occupational mobility and adaptability of, 17–18, 49–53, 56, 136–45; reflections on, 56–58; tribal jobs of, 54–55; U.S. policy environment of, summarized, 47–48. See also Ojibwe women Anishinabequek (organization), 19 anthropology, approaches to, 28, 30 anti-apartheid movement (Aotearoa/New Zealand), 262–63 anticolonial movements, 29, 31 antimodernism, 141–43 Anti Slavery Society (Queensland), 82 Aotearoa/New Zealand: antiracism movement in, 262–63; bicultural discourse in, 16; colonization of, 13–14, 15, 265n5; Maori population of Auckland, 254–55; terminology in, 22n2; trade union movement of, 254–56, 257–58, 264–65; “two people in one house” idea in, 231–32; women in Parliament of, 19. See also Auckland Trade Union Centre; Black Unity; Maori Affairs department Apostle Islands Indian Pageant, 144 Archdale, Agnes, 144 Arizona: CCC-Indian Division project in, 195; Native teachers and schools in, 219; trading posts and Navajo weaving in, 121, 128–29, 132n1 art and aesthetics: community activism linked to, 245; of Navajo weaving, 123, 129, 130; romantic depictions of labor, 82–83; socialist realism, 148–49. See also commodity production; craft entrepreneurialism; and specific crafts Arts and Crafts Movement, 123, 129 assimilation and integration: Anishinaabeg impacted by, 48, 49–50; assumptions about...