Chicago in the Age of Capital: Class, Politics, and Democracy during the Civil War and Reconstruction

List of Illustrations

List of Illustrations Maps 1. Chicago Wards in 1847 31 2. Chicago Wards in 1863 52 3. The Eight-Hour Strike of 1867 104 4. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 201 5. Chicago Wards in 1879 233 Figures 1. United States Labor Force: 1800–1957 2 2. Workers in Chicago by Native- and Foreign-born: 1850–80 18 3. Proportion of Capital Invested in Chicago Manufacturing by the Largest Firms: 1850–70 20 4. Employees in Manufacturing by Size of Firm: Chicago, 1850, 1860, 1870 21 5. Two Categories of Unskilled among All Chicago Workers: 1850–80 22 6. Immigrants to the United States from Ireland, Germany, and Scandinavia: 1840–80 119 7. Females among All Chicago Workers by Servant and Not Servant: 1860–80 123 8. Male Citizens 21 Years and Older by Place of Birth: Chicago 1870 152 9. Males 21 Years and Older Who Were Not Citizens by Place of Birth: Chicago 1870 230 10. Increased Turnout in Chicago Local Elections from November 1878 to April 1879 Compared to Proportion of Foreign-born by Ward 232 Jentz_Schneirov_Chicago.indd 9 2/16/12 10:51 AM Tables 1. Manufacturing in Chicago, Cincinnati, and Philadelphia Compared: 1870 27 2. Manufacturers in Chicago by Birthplace and Selected Measures of Firm Size: 1870 41 3. Union Leaders by Birthplace: Chicago 1864 59 4. Male Skilled Workers in Selected Groups of Industry by National Origin: Chicago 1860 71 5. Male Skilled Workers by Nationality and Selected Industry Groups: Chicago 1860 112 x list of illustrations Jentz_Schneirov_Chicago.indd 10 2/16/12 10:51 AM ...