In Pursuit of Gold: Chinese American Miners and Merchants in the American West

Notes

Notes The following abbreviations are used in the notes: Census United States Bureau of Census, Characteristics of the Population, title varies with date of publication. Census manuscript: National Archives and Records Administration, dates vary from 1860–1930, on microfilm. DSS Daily Silver State (Winnemucca, NV) EDS Eureka Daily Sentinel (Eureka, NV) EFP Elko Free Press (Elko, NV) GCN Gold Creek News (Gold Creek, NV) INS Immigration and Naturalization Service IS Idaho Statesman (Boise) NARA National Archives and Records Administration NSJ Nevada State Journal (Reno) SHPO State Historic Preservation Office (Nevada), “Find People.” TE Territorial Enterprise (Virginia City, NV) TTMR Tuscarora Times and Mining Review (Tuscarora, NV) TTR Tuscarora Times-Review (Tuscarora, NV) Introduction 1. Hom, Songs of Gold Mountain, 184. See Zhu, “No Need to Rush,” 42–57; Zhu, A Chinaman’s Chance; Zhu and Fosha, Ethnic Oasis; Rohe, “After the Gold Rush,” 2–19; Rohe, “Chinese River Mining,” 14–29; and Rohe, “The Chinese and Hydraulic Mining,” 73–91. 2. Williams, “The Chinese in the California Mines, 1848–1860”; Kanazawa, “Immigration , Exclusion, and Taxation,” 779–805; Barth, Bitter Strength; Sucheng Chan, “Chinese Livelihood,” 273–307; and Ping Chiu, Chinese Labor. 3. Wyman, “Mining Law in Idaho,” 14–22. 4. Rusco, “The Chinese Massacres of 1866,” 3–30, estimated 50 to 150 Chinese prospectors traveling from California through Nevada to Idaho were killed in the spring of 1866. 5. Emmons and Becker, Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, 237. 6. Sucheng Chan, “Chinese Livelihood,” 280, n. 14. 7. Census, 1870; Ping Chiu, Chinese Labor, 27; and Sucheng Chan, “Chinese i-xxxiv_1-246_Chun.indd 185 6/24/11 8:35 AM Livelihood,” 286, n. 32. On John R. Hite’s millionaire mine, see Mendershausen, Treasures of the South Fork, and Giacomazzi, Trails and Tales of Yosemite and the Central Sierra, 106–8. 8. Hite discovered gold in 1861 and employed Chinese workers to bring the equipment to his 10 stamp mill in 1864 and his 20 stamp mill in 1874, to pave roads through the mountains, and to work on his mines. 9. Population figures are based upon the Census, 1870, 1880, 1900. The population schedules of each census were reproduced by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) Service on microfilm and are referred to as census manuscripts . The1930 census manuscript is the latest release. The census manuscript for 1890 accidentally was destroyed. 10. Ping Chiu, Chinese Labor, 38. 11. Census figures 1870–1900. See Table 2 in chapter 3 of this book. See also Greg Lee Carter, “Social Demography,” 73–89. 12. Sucheng Chan, “Chinese Livelihood,” 286, n. 32. 13. Todd M. Stevens, “Brokers Between Worlds,” 117. 14. NSJ, July 20, 1872. 15. Rohe, “After the Gold Rush,” 18. 16. See Sucheng Chan, “Introduction,” 1–61. 17. Ibid. See also Sucheng Chan, “The Changing Contours of Asian-American Historiography,” 125–47; and Gary Okihiro, Columbia Guide. See also Rose Hum Lee, Growth and Decline, and Yu, Thinking Orientals. 18. Siu, Chinese Laundryman, and his article, “The Sojourner,” 34–44; and Yang’s defense of the use of the term in “The ‘Sojourner Hypothesis’ Revisited,” 235–58. 19. See Barth, Bitter Strength, for a background. 20. Daniels, Coming to America, 102. 21. Tsai, China and the Overseas Chinese; Daniels, Asian America; and Sucheng Chan, Asian Americans, laid the foundation for the new studies of Chinese Americans . See also Hune, “Rethinking Race,” 79–85. 22. Marcus Lee Hansen, Immigrant in American History; Higham, Strangers in the Land; and Handlin, The Uprooted. 23. Wunder, “What’s Old,” 50–58. 24. See note 11 above and Sucheng Chan, “Introduction.” 25. See Lai, Becoming Chinese American; Ling, Surviving on Gold Mountain; Marie Rose Wong, Sweet Cakes; Shehong Chen, Being Chinese. 26. Geertz, Interpretation of Cultures. Stapp, “Historic Ethnography,” evaluates the literature with a focus upon the Chinese and mining in chapter 1. 27. See Hune, “Rethinking Race,” 79–85. 28. Hunt-Jones, “Heart of a Community.” 29. Dillingham, “Tuscarora Greenstrip.” 30. Sucheng Chan, “Chinese Livelihood,” 281. Ah Louie and Company claimed 240 feet at Buckeye Bar along the Yuba River and Sham Kee claimed 4,200 feet eight miles outside of Marysville also along the Yuba River, both in Yuba County. Chinese also purchased claims in Yuba County beginning in 1856. 186 Notes to Introduction i-xxxiv_1-246_Chun.indd 186 6/24/11 8:35 AM 31. Frederick, Rugged Justice, chapter 3. 32. Knapp and Pigott, “Archaeology and Anthropology,” 300–304...