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Index Abe Genryō, 72 acculturation. See song culture Acculturation among the Japanese of Kona, Hawaii, 167 Adachi, Ken, 29 Alien Land Law of 1913, 116 altars, 15–17 Ama, Michihiro, xvii, 41, 43 Americanization, xii, 107n8, 110–11; church management and, 73–76; Japanese language schools and, 53–57, 63n72, 122–23; Japanese patriotism and, 146–47; Yemyo Imamura on, 121–26. See also United States ancestor worship, 167–68 Andrews, Lorrin, 43, 56 anti-Japanese sentiment, xvii–xix, 105, 109n36, 116–17; during World War II, 137–38, 147, 160n45. See also Americanization ; internment, Japanese American Aoyama Shutai, 76 Arita, Hachirō, 55 Armstrong, Robert, 124 Arnold, Edwin, 87, 91 Asato, Norko, xvi, 41, 42, 43, 44 Asayoshi Ryūun, 70, 72 Asiatic Researches, 91 Asiatic Society of Bengal, 91 Atlantic Monthly, 91 Azuma, Eiichiro, xii Beikoku bukkyō, 74, 84–85, 115–16, 118 Bennett, Allan, 98–99, 106, 108n22 Berkeley Bussei, 84, 104, 126 betsuins, 48, 49, 72 Bhratri, 104 Blavatsky, Helena, 97 Bloom, Alfred, 113 Brazilians, Japanese: Brazilian law and, 23n2, 23n4; Buddhist-Catholic weddings among, 17–18, 22; Catholic rituals among, 5–6; converted to Catholicism, 7–8; converting to Buddhism, 19–22; creole practices for dealing with the dead, 13–15; danka seido system and, 9–10, 24n8; innovation and continuity of Japanese Buddhism by, 8–11; practices for dealing with the dead, 13–15, 24n11; sites of worship, 15–17, 22; Sōtō Zen and, 5, 8, 10, 11–13; syncretism, hybridity, and creolization among, 11–13 British Orientalism, 97 Brooklyn Eagle, 91 Brown v. Board of Education, 147 Buddha (journal), 34, 38 Buddhism: An Illustrated Review, 98 Buddhist (journal), 98 Buddhist Churches of America (BCA), 111 Buddhist Ray, 88, 100–101, 103–4 Buddhist Review, 99 Buddhist Society of Great Britain and Ireland , 97, 99, 108n22 Bukkyōkai, Canada, 27–28, 30–38, 39n2 Bukkyo tozen, xi–xii, xv, xix burial practices, Japanese Brazilian creole, 13–15 186 Index Burnouf, Eugene, 91 Butsudan, 15–17, 22 Butsuzen chinuri sōdō, 67 Canada, 3–4, 37–38; Buddha journal in, 34, 38; Buddhist activities in, 31–37; Bukkyōkai in, 27–28, 30–38, 39n2; Christian missionaries in, 29; immigration of Japanese to, 28–30; newspapers coverage of Japanese immigrants in, 29–30; Otakebi booklet in, 33–37, 38; during World War II, 27; Yamato-damashii in, 33–35, 38; Young Buddhist Association in, 4, 28, 33–34 Canavarro, Marie de Souza, 106 Carter, George R., 49 Carus, Paul, 98, 99, 104, 117–19 Catholicism: Brazilian law and, 23n2; Buddhist-Catholic weddings and, 17–18; creole practices for dealing with the dead in, 13–15; Japanese immigrants conversion to, 7–8, 9; rituals in, 5–6 Chiji/iwa Seidō, 78n13 Christians: Americanization of Japanese Buddhists and, 121–22, 178–79; in Japan, 149; Japanese language schools and, 51–52, 122; missionaries, xii–xiii, 29, 53, 105; relationship with the state in Western nations, 94; similarities with Buddhists, 114, 179 civic space and politics, xv–xvii, 43, 123–24 Confucianism, 166–67 consolidation of churches under Nishi Honganji , 67–73, 80–81n35, 80n32 continuity and innovation of Japanese Buddhism in Brazil, 8–11 Cornwell, Grant H., 12 creolization, 3, 12–13; of Buddhist-Catholic weddings, 17–18; dealing with the dead and, 13–15; sites of worship and, 15–17 Crystal City Internment Camp, 153, 154, 162n69 Daniels, Roger, 116 danka seido, 9–10, 24n8 dead, practices for dealing with the, 13–15, 24n11 Dean, Arthur L., 57 Democracy According to the Buddhist Viewpoint , 124 Dewey, John, 86, 133n62 Dharmapala, Angarika, 88, 95, 97–99, 101, 114 Dial, 91 Dōbō, 96, 104 Doctrine of Tenrikyo, 144 Droit, Roger-Pol, 114 eastward transmission of Buddhism, xi–xii, xv, xix, 94–95 Edmunds, Albert, 98 education, public, 45–48, 53–55 Eguchi, Kazutami, 50 Embree, John, 167 Erdman, John P., 57 Essence of Japanese Buddhism, The, 99–100 Euro-Americans and Buddhism, 96–100, 112–13, 126–28 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 152–53, 157, 161–62n58 festivals, O-bon, 175 Fields, Rick, 112 Fort Lincoln Internment Camp, 153, 154, 161n54 Fort Missoula Internment Camp, 153, 161n54 Foster, Mary, 97 Frear, Walter F., 49 Fujii Sei, 75–76, 78n13 Fujishima, Ryōun, 118 Fukuo hyakuwa, 123 gannen mono, xiii Garden Island, 179 Gleason, Philip, 149–50 Goldwater, Julius, 127 Gomi, Tamaki, 47 Gore, Al, 41 Gospel of the Buddha, 104, 118 Great Britain, 97–99 Gulick, John, 53 Gulick, Orramel H., 52–53, 57 Gunka, 171...