The Era of Education: The Presidents and the Schools, 1965-2001

Index

Abramowitz, Elizabeth, 40, 43–44, 47, 49, 87–88, 111, 116 academic tracking, 59, 222 ACT scores, 127, 131, 147 Adams v. Harris, 85 adult literacy, 142 Advisory Commission on Federal Aid to Education (1937), 2 Advisory Panel on Financing Elementary and Secondary Education, 114, 191 AEA (Arkansas Education Association), 152 AFL-CIO, 29, 41, 100 African Americans, 3, 56, 59–60, 188, 224–25 AFT (American Federation of Teachers), 8, 17–18, 21, 100–101, 132–33, 136, 143, 165, 193; Bush and, 208; ESEA and, 98; Nixon and, 27–30; nonpublic school aid and, 95; Reagan and, 127–28; school choice and, 218; vouchers and, 103. See also Shanker, Albert Agnew, Spiro, 64, 67, 71 Agostini v. Felton, 216 Aitken, Jonathan, 67 Alexander, Lamar, 126, 139, 140, 141, 142–43, 144, 145, 148–49, 181, 183, 204, 206, 208 Allen, Board of Education v., 92 Allen, James, 17–18, 19, 25–26, 29, 91 Allen, Mueller v., 193, 195 America 2000, 139–43, 179, 203–4, 222–23 American Civil Liberties Union, 100–101, 179, 185, 257n125 American Council for Private Education, 196 American Enterprise Institute, 129 American Federation of Teachers. See AFT Americans United for Separation of Church and State, 201–2 Americans with Disabilities Act, 178 Amerson, Rebecca, 178 Anderson, John, 114 Anderson, Martin, 67, 121 Applebome, Peter, 163 Arkansas Education Association, 152 Armey, Richard, 208 Armor, David, 178, 205, 223–24 Armstrong, William, 199 Aronson, Arnold, 52 Ashbrook, John, 65 Ashcroft, John, 169, 172 Association of Christian Schools, 204 Atlanta Plan, 83, 86–88, 257n125 “back-to-basics”, 45 Bain, Helen, 27 Baker, Howard, 63, 121, 193, 194 Baldwin, Robert, 196 Ball, Grand Rapids v., 216 Banks, Robert, 213 Baptist Joint Committee, 100–101 Barr, William, 142, 193–94, 195 Barrett, Catherine, 18, 27–28, 98 Bartell, Ernest, 102 Bartlett, Stephen, 182 Bauer, Gary, 124 Beaumont, Texas, 169 Beck, Joan, 180 Beggans v. Public Funds for Public Schools, 113 Bell, Griffin, 48, 82, 83, 84 Bell, Terrel, 34, 104, 120, 121, 122, 123–24, 127, 128, 129, 131, 132, 196 Bennett, William, 127, 128, 129–30, 131, 136–37, 176, 195 Benson, Jackson v., 217 Bentsen, Lloyd, 115 Bernardin, Joseph, 95, 97 Berry, Mary Frances, 46, 193, 244n129, 280n13 Bickel, Alexander, 69, 72 Biden, Joseph, 83 bilingual education, 47, 124, 130 Bilingual Education Act, 130 Bittenbender, William, 103 Black, Hugo, 4 Black Alliance for Educational Options, 224 Black Codes of 1866, 3 Blackmun, Harry, 108, 185 Blackwell, Morton, 171 block grants, 90, 122–23 Blum, Virgil, 94, 115 index 090 index (295-306) 2/16/06 5:50 PM Page 295 Blumenthal, Sidney, 187 Board of Education, Brown v., 66–67, 71, 183, 255n103 Board of Education, Everson v., 4, 211 Board of Education, Illinois ex rel McCollum v., 4 Board of Education v. Allen, 92 Board of Education v. Grumet, 211–12 Boaz, David, 147 Bob Jones University v. United States, 177, 195–96 Bolick, Clint, 185, 217 Bond, Christopher, 172 Boren, David, 193, 194 Bork, Robert, 77, 78 Boston, Massachusetts, 72, 73–74, 75, 78–79, 181, 189 Boston Globe, 137 Boyer, Ernest, 39, 134 Brademas, John, 8, 22, 40, 109; AHCA and, 37 Bradley, Bill, 193, 195 Bradley, Milliken v., 66, 74–77, 82, 167–77, 185 Branstad, Terry, 137 Brennan, Peter, 35 Breyer, Stephen, 185 Brock, William, 58 Broder, David, 128, 137 Brooke, Edward, 32, 69, 73 Brookings Institute, 141 Brooks, Jack, 41 Broomfield, William, 65 Brown, Robert, 67 Brown v. Board of Education, 3, 66–67, 71, 183, 255n103 Brown v. Califano, 85 Buchanan, Patrick, 17, 69, 70 budget for education, 2–3; in the Bush years, 143–44; in the Carter years, 43–47; conclusions about, 226–28; in the Ford years, 31–33; in the Nixon years, 16–19, 23; in the Reagan years, 121–23, 192 Bureau of Education, 2 Burger, Warren, 95–96 Burla, Michael, 54 Burns, Arthur, 20, 24, 67 Bush, George: America in 2000, 139–43, 179, 203–4, 222–23; budget for education, 143–44; busing and, 178–81; conclusions and, 227; desegregation and, 177–83; Educational Excellence Act of 1991, 143–44; Education Excellence Act of 1989, 134–35; education of, 134; Education Summit of 1989, 135–39; nonpublic school aid and, 199–210; public school aid and, 133–50; record of, 144–50, 181–83, 207–10; tax credits and, 200–210 Bush, George W., 217, 219, 224, 228 Bush, Jeb, 217 Business Roundtable, 135 busing, 59, 62–63, 71; Bush...