Beyond Bondage: Free Women of Color in the Americas

Index

Index Abadía, Pablo, 209 Abbeville District, S.C., 108, 113 Abénon, Lucien, 41 abolition, 148, 203–4, 208, 210, 213–15 abolitionist, 137, 210, 214 “Abolition Riot,” 139–40 Adelaida, 226–7 Adélaïde-Merlande, Jacques, 53 Adele, Marie, 66 Adrinette, Marie, 66 Affonso, Pedro, 249 Africa, 9–11, 96, 128, 150, 172, 174, 178, 192, 226, 273, 275 African American, 14, 129, 221 African Masonic Hall (Boston), 138 African Pular nation, 223 Afro-American, 33 Afro-Brazilian, 178–79, 183, 188, 193, 237, 259 Afro-Brazilian Catholicism, 259 Afro-Cuban, 19–20, 32 Aguaquente, 249, 258 Albert, Joseph, 49 Albregt, Anna Elisabeth, 158 Alexandria, Va., 134, 137 Alexandrine, Marie, 65–66 Alonso, Balbina, 202–3, 212 Alpaide, Rose, 66 Ambroisine, Marie, 66 amelioration, 60, 78 American Revolution, 107, 127 America, 5, 9–10, 140, 152, 169, 170, 172, 181, 194, 203–4, 219, 223, 225, 287; gender profiles in, 22, 23; marriage in colonial, 24; proportion of women as heads of households in, 29; studies of black families in, 21–22 Amerindian, 240–41, 243–44, 248, 250–51, 254, 256–57, 266 Amerindian nation, 239 Anderson, Elizabeth, 84 Anderson, Nancy, 131 Andrade, Don Nicolás Alonso de, 202 Andrews, Lucy, 115–16 Angola, 9 Angola, Izabel, 257 Antigua, 60–70, 76–79 antislavery advocate, 138, 210 Apalochicola River, 12 Aptheker, Herbert, 10, 13 Araguaia River, 238, 266 Arará, Capt. Francisco, 9 Arbuthnot, Alexander, 13 Arden, Johanna van, 159 Armesto, Perina, 222 Arnzen, Hendrik Herman, 158 Arranzamendi, Don José J., 208 Ashe, Thomas, 221 Assumpção, Joanna Maria de, 262 Asylum of the Holy Family, 280 Atencio, Pedro, 209 attorney general, 46, 50 Audenrogge, Johanna Agatha, 151 Augustine, Nicholas, 134 Babylon, 279 Baez, Barnarda, 209 Bahia, 169–74, 177–78, 181, 187, 190–92, 194, 238 Bahian censuses of 1835, 172 Bahian Recôncavo, 169–70, 182 Bailly, Pedro, 229 Balboa, Cabello, 7 Ballajá, 203, 211 Baltimore (Md.), 128, 130 Baoruco (mountains), 5–6 Baptist African Church, 14 318 Index Baptista, Juan, 226 Barada, Monsieur (plantation owner in French Guiana), 53 Barba, Andrés, 221 Barbados, 86, 204 Barba, Francisco, 223 Baretto, Josino José, 181 Barriga, Manuela, 208 Basse-Pointe, Martinique, 49 Basse-Terre, 44, 47 Bates, Polly Ann, 139 Bathurst, Lord (secretary of state), 60 Baude, Pierre, 38–39 Bauvais, Doña Julia, 229 Bay of All Saints, 186 Beaubrun, Augustin, 66 Beckford, William, 91 Beckles, Hilary, 86–87 Belair, María, 230 Belair, Martona, 230 Belleville, Pierre Xavier Ruffi, 49 Belley, France, 279 Bellot, Frederic, 66 Belse, Angela, 205 Benguela, Maria, 258 Bentinck, Charles (governor of Suriname), 156 Bergh, Marie van den, 156 Berlin, Ira, 129 Berne, Alexandre, 49 Bifagua (Indian town), 9 Bight of Benin, 174 Birmingham, John Baptist Lewis, 66 Bissette Affaire, 44 Bissette, Cyrille, 44 Black Code, 40, 274 Bogger, Tommy L., 129 Boles, Calvin, 115 Bollandists, 289 bondage, 130, 135, 137–39 Boston (Mass.), 139, 223 Bowlegs Town (on Suwannee River), 13 Bowser, Frederick, 286–87 Bradford, Sarah, H., 140 Brana-Shute, Rosemary, 157 Brandão, Rodrigo Camilo de, 190 Brazil, 33, 146, 169–73, 183, 188, 192–94, 237–39, 241, 250–51, 253, 259, 266 Brazilier, Doña Magdalena, 226 Breadnut Island, 83, 94 Breda Plantation, 39 Breugel, Van, 155 Bridgetown (Barbados), 207 Brion, Mariana, 221, 224 Britain, 60, 66, 77 British Caribbean colonies, 62, 67–68, 91 British Leeward Islands, 60 British West Indies, 85 Brotherhood of Our Lady of Mercies of Cocal , 263–64 Brotherhood of Our Lady of the Rosary, 259 Brotherhood of the Rosary, 259, 262–63, 265 Brotherhood of the Rosary of Natividade, 259 Brotherhood of São Joaquim, 259 Bunker, Andrew, 161 Burke, Ann, 75, 77 Burke, George, 113 Bush, Barbara, 85 Byam, Samuel, 68 Cabaret, Joseph, 228 Cabello Balboa, Fray de, 7 Cadis, Don Pedro, 229 Cadis, Naneta, 229 Calvalcante, Goiás, 238 Camino Del Bayou San Juan, 228 Campos, Sao dos, 190 Canada, 138 Canto, Don Pablo, 211 Captaincy of Goiás, 237, 239–40, 242, 252–53 Caribbean, 19, 21, 39, 66, 85, 94, 147, 153, 203–4, 207, 210, 213; as family matrifocal character, 29; forced labor in, 20; large households in, 33 Carmelite convent, 209 Carmo, Maria do, 181 Carolina, 11, 111 Carrière, Fanchon (aka Francisca Montreuil), 227 Castilho, Fernando Delgado Freire de, 253 Castillo, Juan de, 297 Cavalcante, 256–57 Cázelar, Don Pedro, 223 Cedeño, Don Ramón, 208 census of 1709, 22–23, 25 census of 1773, 22–23, 25 census...