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 index Abbot, George (archbishop of Canterbury), 109 Academicarum Examen (Webster), 193 Académie Royal des Sciences, 195, 210, 218 Acosta, Cristoval, 164, 168 acting, 26, 95–96, 98, 138–39, 143–46, 154–55. See also cross-dressing Adams, Carol, 73–74, 82 Aelian, 164, 166, 167, 168, 173, 178 Aesop, 88, 95, 218, 200, 222, 224, 225 Alberti, Leon Battista, 210 Aldrovandi, Ulisse, 167–69, 171, 173, 182 Alexander the Great, 173 Allde, Elizabeth, 28 Amsterdam zoo, 212 Anderson, Anthony, 4–5 Anderson, Benedict, 136n.28 animal: as agent, 3–4; classification of, 211; collection of, 211; in combat, 210 (see also baiting); consciousness of, 164–85, 213; domestication of, 117; instincts of, 24–25, 26; instrumental use of, by humans, 2, 21, 82, 199, 200, 215; intelligence of, 186; legal status of, 88–89, 91–93, 94, 97–98; live, on stage, 125, 138, 140, 142, 220; sacrifice of, 73; as signature, 192–94, 199–200, 202–3; slaughter of, 43–44, 73–74; transformation of, into human, 37; uses in heraldry, 211. See also individual species animal experimentation, 186–203, 210, 220– 21; animal pain and, 196–97; cruelty of, 196; impact of Scientific Revolution on, 186; as irreligious, 198; mechanical philosophy and, 195, 196; religious underpinnings of, 199–200; and vacuum pumps, 194–95; value of, questioned, 197–98 animal imagery, 20, 24, 40, 59–60, 83–85, 90–91, 93–95, 97, 117, 142. See also fables Anna of Denmark, 106, 108–9, 158 ant, 29, 40–41 anthropocentrism, 21–22, 70–71, 80 anthropomorphism, 22, 140, 173 ape, 21, 26, 27, 28, 88, 138–59, 166, 218; played by human actor, 138–39, 142, 144–46, 154 Apethorpe, Leicestershire, 107 Ariosto, Lodovico, 37 Aristophanes, 175 Aristotelianism, 8, 191, 196 Aristotle, 110, 164, 174, 190–91 Ashley (alleged thief), 88 Ashworth, William B., Jr., 8 ass, 20, 25–26, 151, 155; as double entendre, 41, 45 Assheton, Nicholas, 103 Aubrey, John, 121 Augustine, Saint, 72, 142 Aveline, Alexandre, 208–9, 222 Babb, Lawrence, 9, 10 Babington, Gervase, 74–75, 81 baboon, 140–41, 144–45, 146 Bacon, Sir Francis, 71, 72, 88, 139, 140–41, 146, 191, 193–94, 198 badger, 110 Baghdad, 168 baiting, 7, 43–44, 70, 90, 124, 136n.22, 211 Baker, John, 88, 91 Baker, Steve, 24 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 20–21, 26–27, 30 Bandello, Matteo, 127 Banks (showman), 27 barbarity, 79, 145, 146 barbel, 76 barnacle, 201 Barthes, Roland, 31–32 basilisk, 47 Bastille, 228 Bastwick, John, 1 bat, 181, 201, 226 Bate, Jonathan, 65, 90–91 Bazell, Dianne M., 80 bear, 26, 43–44, 84, 90, 140, 154, 211, 223 Bear Garden, 81 beast-machine hypothesis, 180, 186, 195, 198, 213, 224; implausibility of, 198 Beaumont, Francis, 146 “Beauty and the Beast,” 37 Beaver, Dan, 7 Bedbur (near Köln), 54, 55 Bedlam Hospital, 222 bee, 22–23, 30, 88, 166 Bentham, Jeremy, 222 Berek, Peter, 100n.33 Berger, John, 116–17, 134 Bergerac, Cyrano de, 220 Bernadin de Saint-Pierre, Jacques-Henri, 216, 228, 231n.25 bestiality, 4, 25, 51, 141–42 Beza, Theodore, 77 Bible: Genesis 1:29–30, 71, 72; Genesis 3:17, 192; Genesis 9:2, 71, 75; Isaiah 11:6, 81; Leviticus 18:23–30, 51 birds, 26, 37, 93–94, 208, 223, 225, 227; mechanical , 222. See also individual species bittern, 76 blood transfusion, 195, 220–21 boar, 170 Bocchus (king), 176 Bodin, Jean, 58 body: animal, 32, 52; human, 26–27, 66, 145, 151, 154; royal, 102 body-worm, 200. See also worm Boël, Pieter, 210, 213, 215, 216 Bologna, 169 book trade, 24, 126, 133 boundary between human and animal, 21, 25, 33, 55, 62, 117, 139, 142 Bowker, Agnes, 4–5 boy actors, 138, 139, 146 Boyle, Robert, 191–92, 194–96, 199, 200 Brantôme, Pierre de Bourdille, 38 Brazil, 77 bream, 76 Breughel, Pieter, 146 Broke, Justice Richard, 89, 91, 97 Brotton, Jerry, 3 Browne, Sir Thomas, 164–65, 166, 167–68, 182 B.T. (critic of Spenser), 21, 33 Buckingham, marquis of, 123 Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de, 227–29 bull, 43 Bulwer, John, 141 Burckhardt, Jacob, 10 Burt, Jonathan, 3 Burton, Henry, 1 Bushell, Thomas, 71–72 bustard, 223 Butler, Charles, 23, 30 Butler, Martin, 123–24, 136n.23 Butler, Samuel, 198 Bynum, Caroline Walker, 65, 68n.9 calf, 221 Calf of Man, 72 Calvert, Samuel, 106 Calvin, John, 72–73, 74, 75, 77, 83, 85 Calvinism, 40, 46, 63, 140...

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