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15 Index A. D. Anderson Cancer Clinic (Houston ), 149 Aaron, Clayton, 29 Ace Records, 143 Adams, Joe, 108 Adderley, Nat, 91 AFM. See American Federation of Musicians (AFM) Alabama: car wreck in, 36–38; playing at military base in, 67–68; race relations , 18–19, 51; traveling with band in, 34–36 Albert, Don, 21 alcohol, 35, 36–38, 40, 118 Alexander, Corby, 87 Ali, Muhammad, 111 Allen (family), 4–5 Allen, Elijah, 4 Allen, “Grandpa,” 4 Allen, James, 4 Allen, Jewel, 4 Allen, Johnny, 4 Allen, Lee, 4, 27 Allen, Mary, 4 Allen, Mattie, 4 Allen, Olivia. See Evans, Olivia Allen “Muh” (mother) Allen, Viola, 4 Alliston, George, 98 “Alone on New Year’s Eve,” 126 Alston, Ovie, 87 American Federation of Musicians (AFM): New York Local 802 of, 44–45, 49–50, 52; Pensacola Local 548 of, 30; strike of, 56–57 Anderson, Bernard “Buddy,” 57 Anderson, Lawrence “Frog,” 57 Andy Kirk Orchestra, 73–74, 80, 99, 136. See also Kirk, Andy Apollo Theater (N.Y.): comedy team at, 24–25; freelancing at, 99, 103, 106; George Hudson band at, 46; Ivory Joe Hunter’s band at, 84; Manhattans at, 112, 126 Arfine, Louis, 71, 99 Armstrong, Louis “Satchmo”: characteristics , 67, 69–70; on King Oliver, 33; mentioned, 16, 53, 138; Pensacola engagements of, 40; playing and touring with, 66–70, 74–77; remembered , 145 Atlantic Records, 131–32 Atomic Music Company, 103 audiences: of Apollo Theater, 46; appeal to women in, 84; on European tour, 92–94; response to big bands, 58; response to Hampton, 91–92; response to Jackie Wilson, 104–5; response to Manhattans, 118–24; segregation of, 38, 67–68; stories about, 90–91 Austin, Sil, 105–6 Avalon, Frankie, 106 ax: use of term, 47 “Baby, It’s Cold Outside,” 73 Badie, Peter, 91 Bailey, Benny, 87, 88 Baird, “Little Joe,” 57, 63 Baker, Josephine, 93 Baker, LaVerne, 87 ballrooms: bouncers of, 100; cutting contest at, 80; freelancing at, 99; house bands of, 74–75, 87, 99; teen hop at, 117. See also Savoy Ballroom (N.Y.) Baltimore: boardinghouse fire in, 110–11; Manhattans in, 116–17; Manhattans ’ “I Wanna Be” hit in, 120–21, 122; music venues, 63, 110, 117, 121; as test market for recordings, 116 Baptist Church (Pensacola), 11, 27 index . 15 Baptist Young People’s Union (BYPU), 11 Barker, Danny, 77 Barker, Laverne, 72 Barnes, Walter, 21–22 Barnett, Helen, 23 Barnett, Vernon, 23, 27, 33, 36–37 Bates, Milan, 23, 36–37 Bell, Aaron, 99, 136 Belle Glade (Fla.), 25–26 Belmont Theater (Pensacola), 4, 24–25 Belton, C. S., 7, 21 Bennett (piano teacher), 13 Benton, Brook, 107, 108 Bernhardt, Clyde “Mr. Cornbread,” 57, 59 Berry, Emmett, 90 big bands: as accompanists to great singers, 73; audience response to, 58; schedules of, 75, 85–86; transition from territory band to, 57; at WWII military base, 67–68. See also specific artists and bands Biggest Show of Stars: 1957 tour, 104–5; 1958 tour, 105–6; 1961 tour, 107; 1962 tour, 108–9 “Big Time Crip,” 71 Billboard magazine, 124, 125, 143 Birdland (N.Y.), 64 Birmingham (Ala.), 36–38 Bivins, Edward “Sonny,” 112, 113, 132, 133. See also Manhattans black territory bands: opportunities to hear, 21–22; transition to big band from, 57; traveling with, 32–33 block busting, 104 BMI (Broadcast Music Incorporated), 109 Bolen, Abe, 52 Bolton, Lou, 83 booking agents: tactics of, 30–31 Boston, 53, 64–65 “Boston Monkey, The,” 125 Bowles, Russell, 82 Brauer, Ricky, 91 Brewton (Ala.), 34–36 Brightstar Publishing Company, 109, 115 Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI), 109 Brooklyn Field (military base), 67–68 Brooks, Billy, 91 Brooks, Christopher, 146, 148, 150–51 Broonzy, Big Bill, 99 Brown, Barbara, 111–12 Brown, Ruth, 90–91, 99 Brown, Scobel, 99 Brown, Walter, 57, 59, 62 Brown, Willard, 87 Bruno (Italian piano player), 88 Bruno, Tony, 30 Bruton, Charlie, 22 Buck and Bubbles (group), 73 Buddy Holly and the Crickets, 106 Butterbeans and Susie (comedy team), 24–25, 73 C. S. Belton and His Florida Society Syncopators, 7, 21 Café Society (Greenwich Village), 99 Calloway, Cab: mentioned, 138; Redman ’s arrangements for, 65; remembered , 145; slang of, 52; at Zanzibar Club, 76–77 “Call Somebody Please,” 116, 117, 118 Campbell, Choker, 110 Canada: touring in, 70 cancer, 147–50 “Can I,” 126 Caravan of Stars tour, 106 Carney, Harry, 71 Carnival Record Company: bookkeeper , 115, 128, 129–30; Cymbals’ “I Love You More” hit, 125–26; discography , 153–55; distributors, 120–24...

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