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Offering insights and analysis in a field that has only recently come into existence, this book explores the ideals and institutions through which Middle Eastern societies—from the rise of Islam in the seventh century C.E. to the present day—have confronted poverty and the poor. By introducing new sources and presenting familiar ones with new questions, the contributors examine ideas about poverty and the poor, ideals and practices of charity, and state and private initiatives of poor relief over this extensive time span. They avoid easy generalizations about Islam and the Middle East as they seek to set the ideals and practices in comparative perspective.

Table of Contents

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  1. Cover
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  1. Frontmatter
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  1. Title
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  1. Contents
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  1. List of Illustrations
  2. p. vii
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  1. Note to the Reader
  2. p. ix
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  1. Introduction
  2. pp. 1-9
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  1. Part I: Entitlement and Obligation
  1. 1. Poverty and Charity in the Rise of Islam
  2. pp. 13-30
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  1. 2. Status-Based Definitions of Need in Early Islamic Zakat and Maintenance Laws
  2. pp. 31-51
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  1. 3. The Foreign Jewish Poor in Medieval Egypt
  2. pp. 53-72
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  1. 4. “Prices Are in God’s Hands”: The Theory and Practice of Price Control in the Medieval Islamic World
  2. pp. 73-91
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  1. Part II: Institutions
  1. 5. The Functional Aspects of Medieval Islamic Hospitals
  2. pp. 95-119
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  1. 6. Charity and Hospitality: Hospitals in the Ottoman Empire in the Early Modern Period
  2. pp. 121-143
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  1. 7. Charity, the Poor, and Distribution of Alms in Ottoman Algiers
  2. pp. 145-162
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  1. Part III: The State as Benefactor
  1. 8. Living on the Margins of Charity: Coping with Poverty in an Ottoman Provincial City
  2. pp. 165-184
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  1. 9. The Charity of the Khedive
  2. pp. 185-201
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  1. 10. Imperial Gifts and Sultanic Legitimation during the Late Ottoman Empire, 1876–1909
  2. pp. 203-220
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  1. Part IV: Changing Worlds
  1. 11. Al-Tahtawi on Poverty and Welfare
  2. pp. 223-238
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  1. 12. Islam, Philanthropy, and Political Culture in Interwar Egypt: The Activism of Labiba Ahmad
  2. pp. 239-254
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  1. 13. “The Child Question”: The Politics of Child Welfare in Early Republican Turkey
  2. pp. 255-272
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  1. Part V: Welfare as Politics
  1. 14. Islamic Redistribution through Zakat: Historical Record and Modern Realities
  2. pp. 275-293
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  1. 15. Charity’s Legacies: A Reconsideration of Ottoman Imperial Endowment-Making
  2. pp. 295-313
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  1. Conclusion
  2. pp. 315-324
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  1. Contributors
  2. pp. 325-328
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  1. Index
  2. pp. 329-345
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  1. End Page
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