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Throughout history, physicians have played a vital role in medical discovery. These physician-scientists devote the majority of their professional effort to seeking new knowledge about health and disease through research and represent the entire continuum of biomedical investigation. They bring a unique perspective to their work and often base their scientific questions on the experience of caring for patients. Physician-scientists also effectively communicate between researchers in the "pure sciences" and practicing health care providers. Yet there has been growing concern in recent decades that, due to complex changes, physician-scientists are vanishing from the scene.

In this book, leading physician-scientists and academic physicians examine the problem from a variety of perspectives: historical, demographic, scientific, cultural, sociological, and economic. They make valuable recommendations that—if heeded—should preserve and revitalize the community of physician-scientists as the profession continues to evolve and boundaries between doctors and researchers shift.

Throughout history, physicians have played a vital role in medical discovery. These physician-scientists devote the majority of their professional effort to seeking new knowledge about health and disease through research and represent the entire continuum of biomedical investigation. They bring a unique perspective to their work and often base their scientific questions on the experience of caring for patients. Physician-scientists also effectively communicate between researchers in the "pure sciences" and practicing health care providers. Yet there has been growing concern in recent decades that, due to complex changes, physician-scientists are vanishing from the scene.In this book, leading physician-scientists and academic physicians examine the problem from a variety of perspectives: historical, demographic, scientific, cultural, sociological, and economic. They make valuable recommendations that—if heeded—should preserve and revitalize the community of physician-scientists as the profession continues to evolve and boundaries between doctors and researchers shift.

Contributors: James M. Anderson, MD, PhD, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine; Ann J. Brown, MD, MHS, Duke University School of Medicine; Barry S. Coller, MD, Rockefeller University; Fabio Cominelli, MD, PhD, Case Western Reserve University; Paul E. DiCorleto, PhD, Cleveland Clinic and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Mark Donowitz, MD, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Stephen G. Emerson, MD, PhD, Haverford College; Gregory Germino, MD, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Stephen J. Heinig, Association of American Medical Colleges; Margaret K. Hostetter, MD, Yale University School of Medicine; Reshma Jagsi, MD, DPhil, University of Michigan Medical School; Kenneth Kaushansky, MD, MACP, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine; David Korn, MD, Harvard University and Harvard Medical School; Timothy J. Ley, MD, Washington University School of Medicine; Philip M. Meneely, PhD, Haverford College; David G. Nathan, MD, Harvard Medical School; Philip A. Pizzo, MD, Stanford University School of Medicine; Jennifer Punt, VMD, PhD, Haverford College; Andrew I. Schafer, MD, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital; Alan L. Schwartz, MD, PhD, Washington University School of Medicine; Roy L. Silverstein, MD, Cleveland Clinic; Nancy J. Tarbell, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School

Table of Contents

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  1. Cover
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  1. Title Page, Copyright
  2. pp. i-vi
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  1. Contents
  2. pp. vii-viii
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  1. Preface
  2. pp. ix-xii
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  1. Introduction
  2. Andrew I. Schafer, MD
  3. pp. 1-16
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  1. 1. History of the Physician as Scientist
  2. Andrew I. Schafer, MD
  3. pp. 17-38
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  1. 2. Demographics of the Physician-Scientist Workforce: Impact of Age, Gender, Degrees, and Debt
  2. Timothy J. Ley, MD
  3. pp. 39-49
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  1. 3. The Ecology of Physician-Scientists in Academic Medicine
  2. David Korn, MD, Stephen J. Heinig
  3. pp. 50-66
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  1. 4. Translational Research and the Physician-Scientist
  2. Barry S. Coller, MD
  3. pp. 67-83
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  1. 5. Women as Physician-Scientists
  2. Reshma Jagsi, MD, DPhil, Nancy J. Tarbell, MD
  3. pp. 84-96
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  1. 6. Generation X and the Millennials in Academic Medicine: Developing the Next Generation of Physician-Scientists
  2. Ann J. Brown, MD MHS
  3. pp. 97-112
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  1. 7. Engaging Undergraduate Students in Research: Sustaining Our Nation’s Pipeline of Future Biomedical Investigators
  2. Stephen G. Emerson, MD, PhD, Philip Meneely, PhD, Jennifer Punt, VMD PhD
  3. pp. 113-119
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  1. 8. The Role of Academic Medical Centers and Medical Schools in the Training and Support of Physician-Scientists
  2. Philip A. Pizzo, MD
  3. pp. 120-137
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  1. 9. The Relationship between Physicians and PhD Scientists in Medical Research
  2. Roy L. Silverstein, MD, Paul E. DiCorleto, PhD
  3. pp. 138-155
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  1. 10. Mentoring Physician-Scientists: Repairing the Leaky Pipeline
  2. Kenneth Kaushansky, MD
  3. pp. 156-178
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  1. 11. Mentoring the Physician-Scientist: A Developmental Approach
  2. Alan L. Schwartz, MD, PhD, Margaret K. Hostetter, MD
  3. pp. 179-192
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  1. 12. The Attrition of Young Physician-Scientists: Problems and Potential Solutions
  2. Mark Donowitz, MD, James Anderson, MD, PhD, Fabio Cominelli, MD, PhD, Greg Germino, MD
  3. pp. 193-207
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  1. 13. Restoring and Invigorating an “Endangered Species”: Initiatives by the Association of American Medical Colleges
  2. David Korn, MD, Stephen J. Heinig
  3. pp. 208-226
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  1. 14. Revitalizing the Nation’s Physician-Scientist Workforce: The Association of Professors of Medicine Initiative
  2. Andrew I. Schafer, MD
  3. pp. 227-244
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  1. 15. A Half Century of Clinical Research
  2. David G. Nathan, MD
  3. pp. 245-256
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  1. Epilogue: Looking Forward
  2. Andrew I. Schafer, MD
  3. pp. 257-260
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  1. References
  2. pp. 261-274
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  1. List of Contributors
  2. pp. 275-280
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  1. Index
  2. pp. 281-288
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