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Virginia was a battleground state in the struggle to implement Brown v. Board of Education, with one of the South’s largest and strongest NAACP units fighting against a program of noncompliance crafted by the state’s political leaders. Keep On Keeping On offers a detailed examination of how African Americans and the NAACP in Virginia successfully pursued a legal agenda that provided new educational opportunities for the state’s black population in the face of fierce opposition from segregationists and the Democratic Party of Harry F. Byrd Sr.

Keep On Keeping On is the first book to offer a comprehensive view of African Americans’ efforts to obtain racial equality in Virginia in the later twentieth century. Brian J. Daugherity considers the relationship between the various levels of the NAACP, the ideas and actions of other African American organizations, and the stances of Virginia’s political leaders, white liberals and moderates, and segregationists. In doing so, the author provides a better understanding of the connections between the actions of white political leaders and those of black civil rights activists working to bring about school desegregation. Blending social, legal, southern, and African American history, this book sheds new light on the civil rights movement and white resistance to civil rights in Virginia and the South.

Table of Contents

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  1. Half Title, Series info, Title page, Copyright, Dedication
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  1. Contents
  2. pp. vii-viii
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  1. Acknowledgments
  2. pp. ix-xiv
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  1. Introduction
  2. pp. 1-6
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  1. One: “A Source of Great Consternation” The NAACP and Brown v. Board of Education in Virginia, 1902–1954
  2. pp. 7-21
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  1. Two: “A New Day Is Being Born” Brown and the Southern Backlash, 1954–1955
  2. pp. 22-43
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  1. Three: “Those Who Were on the Other Side” The NAACP and the Rise of Massive Resistance, 1956
  2. pp. 44-58
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  1. Four: “Keep On Keeping On” The Height of Massive Resistance, 1957–1959
  2. pp. 59-78
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  1. Five: Battling Tokenism Direct Action Protest and the Campaign for School Desegregation, 1960–1963
  2. pp. 79-104
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  1. Six: A New “Holy Prerogative” Freedom of Choice and School Desegregation in Virginia, 1964–1967
  2. pp. 105-123
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  1. Seven: The Green Light The NAACP and School Integration in Virginia, 1968–1974
  2. pp. 124-146
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  1. Afterword
  2. pp. 147-152
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  1. Notes
  2. pp. 153-204
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  1. Bibliography
  2. pp. 205-218
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  1. Index
  2. pp. 219-232
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  1. Series titles
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