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“From the first logging operation to the closing of the last mill this book is so thorough, so comprehensive, so well organized, and so useful that it must take its place with the outstanding monographs of economic and western history.” —Journal of Economic History

 

The old-growth forests of Minnesota, at one time covering 70 percent of the state, played a major role in the development of the Upper Mississippi Valley. Telling the complete history of the white pine industry, Agnes Larson brings us back to a time when Minnesota’s lumber business was thriving. Larson recounts the development of the region with a wealth of information, including the building of the railroads and bustling mill towns; the daily lives of lumberjacks, loggers, river-drivers, and jam-breakers; and the final devastation of the forests.

 

“An excellent contribution to the regional history and historical geography of the Upper Great Lakes area and the upper Mississippi Valley.” —Geographical Review

 

Agnes M. Larson (1892–1967) was professor of history at St. Olaf College.

 

Bradley J. Gills is adjunct professor of history at Grand Valley State University.

Table of Contents

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  1. Cover
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  1. Title Page, About the Series, Copyright, Dedication
  2. pp. i-vi
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  1. Contents
  2. pp. vii-viii
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  1. Illustrations
  2. pp. ix-x
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  1. Foreword
  2. pp. xi-xvi
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  1. Preface
  2. pp. xvii-xx
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  1. The White Pine Industry in Minnesota
  1. County Map of Minnesota
  2. p. 2
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  1. I. Minnesota's Forest Treasure
  2. pp. 3-10
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  1. II. The Lumber Industry Comes to the Upper Mississippi Valley
  2. pp. 11-28
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  1. III. The Home Market Stimulates the Mills at St. Anthony and Winona, 1850–1870
  2. pp. 29-52
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  1. IV. The Pinelands of the St. Croix Delta Become the Property of Lumbermen
  2. pp. 53-70
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  1. V. Logging in the St. Croix Forests
  2. pp. 71-85
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  1. VI. Rafting and Selling Downriver
  2. pp. 86-104
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  1. VII. Railroads Broaden the Market for the White Pine of the Upper Mississippi, 1870–1890
  2. pp. 105-124
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  1. VIII. Lumber and Logs on the Mississippi after 1870
  2. pp. 125-146
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  1. IX. Growth of Sawmills in Minnesota, 1870–1890
  2. pp. 147-164
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  1. X. Logging and Driving, 1870–1890
  2. pp. 165-191
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  1. XI. Life in the Woods
  2. pp. 192-219
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  1. XII. The Downriver Sawmills Are Stilled
  2. pp. 220-228
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  1. XIII. The Lumber Industry in Minneapolis Reaches Its Height, 1890–1905
  2. pp. 229-246
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  1. XIV. The Duluth District Sends Its White Pine Eastward
  2. pp. 247-264
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  1. XV. The Pinelands of Northern Minnesota Become Private Property
  2. pp. 265-288
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  1. XVI. The Operation of National Land Laws in the Pineland Area
  2. pp. 289-333
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  1. XVII. The Operation of State Laws in the Pineland Area
  2. pp. 334-348
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  1. XVIII. The New Age in Logging and Sawing
  2. pp. 349-371
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  1. XIX. Marketing and Prices, Especially after 1890
  2. pp. 372-398
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  1. XX. The White Pine in the Building of the State
  2. pp. 399-415
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  1. Index
  2. pp. 416-433
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  1. About the Author
  2. p. 434
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