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Creek (or Muskogee) is a Muskogean language spoken by several thousand members of the Muscogee (Creek) and Seminole nations of Oklahoma and by several hundred members of the Seminole Tribe of Florida. This volume is the first modern grammar of Creek, compiled by a leading authority on the languages of the southern United States. Intended for scholars, students, and Creek instructors, this reference grammar describes all the major morphological and syntactic patterns in the language. Special attention is given to pitch accent and tone, active agreement, locative prefixes, tense, aspect, and switch reference. The description covers several hundred years of documentation and draws heavily on materials written by Creek speakers. It is likely to be the definitive source on the language for years to come.

Table of Contents

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  1. Cover
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  1. Frontmatter
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  1. Title Page
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  1. Copyright Page
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  1. Table of Contents
  2. pp. v-xiv
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  1. List of Illustrations
  2. pp. xv-xvii
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  1. Foreword
  2. pp. xix-xx
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  1. Acknowledgments
  2. pp. xxi-xxii
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  1. Abbreviations and conventions
  2. pp. xxiii-xxvii
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  1. The language and its speakers
  1. 1 Creek and the Creek-speaking peoples
  2. pp. 3-20
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  1. 2 Overview of the language
  2. pp. 21-37
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  1. 3 Creek dialects and ways of speaking
  2. pp. 38-44
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  1. Phonology
  1. 4 Phonemes
  2. pp. 47-61
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  1. 5 General phonological processes
  2. pp. 62-69
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  1. 6 The organization of phonemes into higher units
  2. pp. 70-74
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  1. 7 Stress and tone in nouns
  2. pp. 75-82
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  1. 8 Stress, tone, and grades in verbs
  2. pp. 83-100
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  1. 9 Orthography
  2. pp. 101-104
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  1. Nouns and their modifiers
  1. 10 Nominalization
  2. pp. 107-113
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  1. 11 Compounding
  2. pp. 114-126
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  1. 12 Plural nouns
  2. pp. 127-130
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  1. 13 Size
  2. pp. 131-132
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  1. 14 Possession
  2. pp. 133-141
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  1. 15 Pronouns
  2. pp. 142-146
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  1. 16 Postpositions
  2. pp. 147-148
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  1. 17 Noun forms with adverbial function
  2. pp. 149-150
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  1. 18 Adjectival nouns (quantifiers)
  2. pp. 151-152
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  1. Verbs and their modifiers
  1. 19 Locative prefixes
  2. pp. 155-167
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  1. 20 Agreement
  2. pp. 168-178
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  1. 21 Reflexives and reciprocals
  2. pp. 179-182
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  1. 22 Adding objects: dative and instrumental
  2. pp. 183-196
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  1. 23 Plural verbs
  2. pp. 197-213
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  1. 24 Voice alternations: middle -k-,causative -ic- and -ipeyc-
  2. pp. 214-227
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  1. 25 Impersonals
  2. pp. 228-231
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  1. 26 Degree
  2. pp. 233-237
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  1. 27 Verb forms with adverbial function
  2. pp. 238-240
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  1. 28 Aspect
  2. pp. 241-256
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  1. 29 Expressing time: tense and related notions
  2. pp. 257-280
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  1. 30 Negation
  2. pp. 281-283
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  1. 31 Mood
  2. pp. 284-297
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  1. 32 ‘Be’, auxiliaries, and modality
  2. pp. 298-312
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  1. 33 Numbers and quantifiers
  2. pp. 313-322
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  1. 34 Describing motion and direction
  2. pp. 323-327
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  1. 35 Existence
  2. pp. 328-332
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  1. 36 Sound-symbolic verbs
  2. pp. 333-334
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  1. Discourse markers
  1. 37 Case and switch-reference markers
  2. pp. 337-356
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  1. 38 Focus of attention clitic
  2. pp. 357-359
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  1. 39 Referential clitic
  2. pp. 360-363
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  1. 40 Other markers
  2. pp. 364-368
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  1. Syntax
  1. 41 Word order and basic syntax
  2. pp. 371-386
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  1. 42 Clause types
  2. pp. 387-406
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  1. 43 Interpreting pronouns, reflexives, and reciprocals
  2. pp. 407-415
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  1. 44 Style
  2. pp. 416-420
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  1. Appendices
  1. Appendix 1: Paradigms
  2. pp. 423-445
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  1. Appendix 2: Texts
  2. pp. 436-444
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  1. Appendix 3: List of common affixes
  2. pp. 445-454
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  1. References
  2. pp. 455-468
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  1. Index
  2. pp. 469-472
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