George Sand and Nadar: Portraiture Between Lithography, Sculpture, and Photography

This article analyzes Nadar's portraits of George Sand in multiple media. With an emphasis on the famous 1854 lithograph, Panthéon-Nadar, in which Sand is represented in the form of a sculptural bust – a notable instance of nineteenth-century intermediality – it traces inter-relations between Nadar's images of Sand in lithography, caricature drawing, and photography, against the wider background of his innovative artistic and journalistic practices.It argues for the significant influence of biographical writing, as a form of textual portraiture, on Nadar's trans-medial visual depictions of Sand and other well-known writers, resulting in influential text-and-image representations of modern celebrity.