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Iraq under UN Embargo, 1990–2003: Food Security, Agriculture, and Regime Survival
- The Middle East Journal
- Middle East Institute
- Volume 73, Number 1, Spring 2019
- pp. 93-112
- Article
- Additional Information
Abstract:
Using Iraqi archival resources and newspapers, this article analyzes strategic perceptions of the multilateral United Nations embargo (1990–2003) by Saddam Husayn and his Ba'th Party. It shows how the regime prioritized agricultural self-sufficiency to break the embargo, used food rationing to avert famine, and instrumentalized food trade to reward cronies and punish opponents. Food security, hydropolitics, and agriculture ranked prominently in regime discussions as they were regarded as crucial to safeguard political legitimacy and assure regime survival.