Election Results: (September–December 2018)

Afghanistan: Legislative elections were held on October 20; results will be reported in a future issue.

Armenia: In December 9 elections for the 132-member National Assembly, the My Step Alliance of acting prime minister Nikol Pashinyan won 70 percent of the vote and 88 seats. The moderate Prosperous Armenia party won 8 percent and 26 seats, and the pro-Western Bright Armenia party won 6 percent and 18 seats. This was the first election since Armenia's "Velvet Revolution" in May, led by former journalist Pashinyan, which removed Serzh Sargsyan of the Republican Party of Armenia (HHK) from power. HHK failed to reach the 5 percent of votes needed to enter the National Assembly. While turnout was 49 percent, lower than in previous elections, international observers, including the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, praised the elections as genuinely competitive and free.

Bahrain: On November 24, elections were held for the 40-member Council of Representatives. No opposition parties were able to run, following the outlawing of several opposition parties in response to a wave of Arab Spring protests in 2011. In the lead-up to election day, Ali Salman, leader of the outlawed opposition group al-Wifaq, was sentenced to life in prison on charges of espionage. Numerous international organizations, including Human Rights Watch, criticized the elections as unfree.

Bhutan: In the first round of elections for the 47-member National Assembly on September 15, the Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa (DNT) and Bhutan Peace and Prosperity Party (DPT) qualified for the second round, with 32 and 31 percent of the vote respectively. The People's Democratic Party of Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay came in third with 27 percent, and the Bhutan Kuen-Nyam Party won 10 percent. In the first-past-the-post second round, the DNT received 55 percent of the vote and 30 seats, while the DPT won 45 percent and 17 seats. Lotay Tshering, the leader of the DNT, was elected prime minister.

Bosnia-Herzegovina: In the October 7 election for the tripartite presidency, Šefik Džaferoviæ of the Party of Democratic Action (SDA) was elected as the Bosniak member with 36 percent of the vote, defeating Denis Beæiroviæ of the Social Democratic Party (SDP), who won 34 percent. Željko Komšiæ of the Democratic Front (DF) was elected the Croat member of the presidency with 53 percent, defeating incumbent Dragan Èoviæ of the Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZ BiH), who received 36 percent. Milorad Dodik of the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD) was elected the Serb member with 54 percent, defeating incumbent Mladen Ivaniæ of the Alliance for Victory coalition, who won 42 percent. Elections for the 42-seat House of Representatives were also held on October 7. Of the 28 seats allocated for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the SDA won 8, the SDP won 5, a coalition including the HDZ BiH and several smaller parties won 5, the DF won 3, the Union for a Better Future of BiH won 2, Our Party won 2, and several smaller parties won 1 each. Of the 14 seats allocated for Republika Srpska, the SNSD won 6, a coalition including the Serb Democratic Party (SDS) and the National Democratic Party (NDP) won 3, the Party of Democratic Progress (PDP) won 2, the Democratic People's Alliance won 1, and the Socialist Party won 1. The SDS, the PDP, and the NDP were part of the Alliance for Victory coalition.

Brazil: In the October 28 presidential runoff, Jair Bolsonaro of the Social Liberal Party (PSL) received 55 percent of the vote, defeating Fernando Haddad of the Workers' Party (PT). In the first round on October 7, Bolsonaro received 46 percent, Haddad 29 percent, and Ciro Gomes of the Democratic Labor Party (PDT) 12 percent. Concurrent elections were held for the National Congress of Brazil. In the 513-seat Chamber of Deputies, the PT won 56 seats, the PSL 52, the Progressive Party (PP) 37, the Social Democratic Party (PSD) 34, the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) 34, the Republic Party (PR) 33, the Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB) 32, the Brazilian Republican Party (PRB...