Public Authority and Private Constraints: Eugenius III and the Council of Reims

By exploring the events surrounding the Council of Reims convened by Pope Eugenius III in 1148, this article argues that the council is an important example of the exercise of ecclesiastical power in the twelfth century. The council featured decisions on the marriage of Ralph of Vermandois, debates on the heresy case of Gilbert of Poitiers, arguments over episcopal primacy, and impressive displays of ecclesiastical grandeur. It demonstrates the difficult balancing act performed by Eugenius, as well as the extent and limitations of his power. And it illustrates how a pope could use ritual, liturgy, and public display to lead the Church, even when restricted by competing ecclesiastical forces.