从地理信息角度看汉语方言的历史演变

提要:

具有相同语言演变的地理区域叫同演区。由于强势文化的作用，历史行政区与同演区往往一致。本文以“见母开口二等的现代声母”、“见母开口三四等的现代声母”、“並母平声的现代声母”三个语音演变为例，用地理信息系统的方法，论证了汉语东南方言形成的两个重要时期：魏晋是汉语方言白读的形成期，唐五代至宋元是汉语方言文读的形成期。

The areas sharing the same sound change are usually in accordance with historical administrational regions as a result of the impact of the dominant culture. In this paper, with examples such as the modern reflexes of division 2, division 3 and 4 of Middle Chinese Jianmu Kaikou initials, and modern reflexes of Middle Chinese Bingmu initials in level-tone syllables as shown in GIS, the author identifies two critical periods in forming Chinese southeastern dialects: Weijin as the formation period of colloquial readings of Chinese dialects, and Tang, Wudai, Song, and Yuan as the formation period of literary readings of Chinese dialects.