Spatial Deixis, Textual Cohesion, and Functional Differentiation in Takivatan Bunun

Spatial deixis in Takivatan Bunun has not developed specialized functions that allow it to refer back to referents or propositions in discourse (textual use), without pointing to an external spatial or temporal context (situational use). This challenges established accounts of deixis, which assume that both situational and textual uses are universal or that the former use is a diachronic precedent to the latter. Based on two concepts of functional grammar, cohesion and layering, the present article offers the alternative analysis that Takivatan Bunun demonstratives and related forms fulfill a spatial deictic function while simultaneously being involved in establishing textual cohesion through phoric reference.