Waging "Protracted Conflict" Behind the Scenes: The Cold War Activism of Frank R. Barnett

From the end of World War II to the collapse of the Soviet Union, Frank R. Barnett, a private U.S. citizen, became a central player among the West's 'Cold Warriors' by developing and applying a unique methodology for organizing anti-Communist "political warfare" both in the United States and around the world. Recognizing the limits of government-sponsored activities in prosecuting a more aggressive strategy to counter the Soviet Union, Barnett sidestepped U.S. officialdom and created a parallel and less-constrained private network to engage in "protracted conflict" for the purpose of "rolling back the Soviet empire." A key aspect of his activism involved developing educational gatherings for policymakers, lawmakers, industrialists, military reserve officers, and scholars. Arguably the most notable achievement of this network was that it kept the ideology of hardline anti-Communism on the "back burner" during a period when the mainstream discourse of "peaceful coexistence" and détente prevailed.