The Canadian Palaipaphos Survey Project: An Overview of the 1982 and 1983 Seasons

147 THE CANADIAN PALAI PAPHOS SURVEY PROJECT: AN OVERVIEW OF THE 1982 AND 1983 SEASONS The Canadian Palaipaphos Survey Project (hereafter CPSP) has been engaged in a regional archaeological survey in the Paphos District of southwestern Cyprus (Figure 1) since 1979. 1 The study zone of the CPSP (Figure 2) encompasses approximately 655 km 2 within the drainages of the Ezousas, Xeros and Dhiarizos rivers. The chronological scope of the investigations srans the Aceramic Neolithic through Venetian periods, c. 6000 B.C. - A.D. 1571. In addition to identifying the patterns of settlement and resource exploitation in the study (Figure 1) , the CPSP is a multidiscirlinary undertaking interested in collecting information relating to the past and present physical environment, in documenting the copper-mining and smelting industries in the Lower Pillow Lava zone of the Troodos Mountains, in investigating the prehistoric and historic chipped and ground stone tool industries of the region by a variety of approaches, in locating the chert sources for the chipped 1For earlier discussions of the CPSP's work see: D. W. Rupp, "Canadian Palaipaphos Survey Project: Prel iminary Report of the 1979 Season", Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 1981, 2S1-268; D. W. Rupp, "The Canadian Palalpaphos Survey ProJect: An Overview of the 1979 and 1980 Seasons", Echos du monde classique n.s. 1 (1982) 179-185; D. W. Rupp and R. H. King, "Canadian Palaipaphos Survey Project (CPSP)", in Archaeological Survey in the Mediterranean Area, D. R. Keller and D. W. Rupp, eds. B. A. R. S-155 (Oxford, 1983) 323-327; L. W. S(lrensen, "Canadian Palaipaphos Survey Project: Prel iminary Report of the 1980 Ceramic Finds", Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 1983 [in press]; D. W. Rupp, L. w. 56rensen, R. H. King, and W. A. Fox, "Canadian Palaipaphos Survey Project, 1980 and 1982: Preliminary Report", Journal of Field Archaeolo~lY 11 (1984) [in press]. 148 DAVID W. RUPP stone artifacts recovered in the survey and in isolating the local and regional Iron Age pottery styles. A short study and field season was held in August of 1982. 2 Mr. William A. Fox 3 undertook a number of investigations relating to the lithic artifacts, chert sources, metallurgical activities and ethnographic interviews of individuals who once made threshing sledges. Mr. Fox systematically collected lithic artifacts and bones from the Aceramic Neolithic site at Kritou Marottou-Ais Yiorkis (80-E-46), discovered in 1980, in order to study the lithic industries at this site. 4 Mr. Cesare D'Annibale S analyzed the artifacts and helped in the macroscopic study of the use-wear patterns on the edges of the chipped stone tools from the site. Another Aceramic Neolithic site across the valley at Kannaviou-Kochina (80-E-38) was intensively resurveyed with equally impressive results. The sites discovered in 1980 which had slag heaps andlor mining shafts in the Lower Pillow Lava zone were revisited (i.e., Pano Panayia-Sarka [80-X-27], Pano Panayia-Kochinoyia [80-X-30], Ayios Nikolaos-Ayios Georgios [80-X-33] and Asproyia-Ayios Sozondas [80-E-S4]) . Further slag and ore samples were taken from each site. Selected samples have been analysed at the Department of Metallurgy and Materials Sciences at the University of Toronto by Ms. Sandra Zacharias and Professor Ursula M. Franklin. In brief, copper sulfide ores were smelted at these sites using a mature technology consistent with the later Romani Byzantine date tentatively assigned to the sites on the basis of ceramic evidence. It is not clear whether metallic 2This field season was made possible by a research grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The collaborators on the CPSP gratefully acknowledge this grant. 3Regional Archaeologist for southwestern Ontario for the Ontario Ministry of Citizenship and Culture. 4RuPP~. (above n. 1). SCPSP research assistant. 40 ! LEGEND ~STUOYIONEeoUHOARY_ ""HADJ'SAVV.uSUAV(Y ~ ::::::::.::::,. ~ 149 150 DAVID W. RUPP copper WClS produced at these sites or only matte. 6 Two additional copper refining sites were discovered in 1982 at ,A.yios NikolaosToupiarki (82-D-2) and at Kato Platres-Kokkinovouno (82-K-1). 7 Since many of the sites discovered in 1980 were related to the production of chert flake...