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BRIEF NOTICES Tomas de Aquino y la Psicopatologia. By DR. E. EnuARDo :KRAPF. No.2 in the series of monographs of the" Index de Neurologia y Psiquiatria" published by R. Orlando. Buenos Aires: " Editorial Index." 1948. Pp. 48, with bibliography. 2 pesos. Much has been written concerning St. Thomas' normal psychology. His thought in the field of psychopathology, or abnormal psychology, .remains to date relatively untouched. This is due in large measure, as the author notes, to the fact that many capable historians of psychiatry acknowledge in passing St. Thomas' merits as a philosopher, but fail to concede him even the smallest niche among psychopathologists. Zilboorg is a recent ~d prominent member of this class. Others, among whom might be mentioned Kopp, while recognizing St. Thomas' importance to the science, have written only abbreviated treatises based on works falsely attributed to the medieval Doctor. Dr. Krapf strives to show the extent to which modern psychopathologists are indebted to St. Thomas. This he does by indicating with pertinent quotations the similarity between many basic tenets proposed seven hundred years ago and those held today. Observations on pathogenic processes, the author relates, that are now associated with Freud and HughlingsJackson are to be found at least in principle in the writings of St. Thomas, e. g., " Quando intellectus non dominatur, agunt animalia secundum phantasiam " (De Anima, 3, 6) . Likewise, a similarity exists between Freud's fundamental concept of two forces or instincts, the sexual and the aggressive , and St. Thomas' considerations regarding the concupiscible and the the light of equivalents for the latter used by modern French Scholastics: " appetit de conquete " and " appetit de combat." However, it is to be understood that St. Thomas didn't ascribe to those two appetites the omnipotence that Freud postulated for the sexual and aggressive tendencies. Boring, the eminent historian of experimental psychology, names the French physiologists of the eighteenth century as " the logical and perhaps actual progenitors of the James-Lange theory of emotion." Lange's theory, however, with its stressing of vasomotor changes, has just as logical a forebear in that proposed by St. Thomas. Substitute the Scholastic term passion for emotion, the word heart for circulatory movements of the blood, and we find the two opinions practically identical. Part of the criticism levelled against Kopp can be applied to Dr. Krapf's monograph. It is far too brief, though it will serve as an excellent outline for further study for those interested in psychiatrical problems. In reply to his justly sharp observation about the lack of writings devoted to the ~67 268 BRIEF NOTICES study of St. Thomas' opinions in psychopathology, we will here presume to refer the reader to A Theory of Abnormal Cognitive Processes written by the Rev. Dr. Robert E. Brennan, 0. P. This work based on principles of St. Thomas was published in Washington, D. C. in 19~5. It has, aside from its many other merits, a more extensive bibliography than is to be found in Dr. Krapf's treatise. Mediaeval Studies: Vol. V, 1943. Toronto, Canada: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. Subscription: $5.00. The fifth volume of Mediaeval Studies contains the following series of articles: "The Handbook of Master Peter Chancellor of Chartres," by V. J. Kennedy, C. S. B.; "Sur le Doctrine de l'Aseite divine," by J. Maritain; " A List of Photographic Reproductions of Mediaeval Manuscripts in the Library of the' Pontifical Institute of Mediaevel Studies, Part II-Authors ," by R. J. Scollard, C. S. B.; "The Logos as a Basis for a Doctrine of Providence," by M. M. Marcia, I. B. V. M.; "Greek Works translated into Latin before 1350" (continuation), by J. T. Muckle, C. s:B.; "Tlie Conception of Substance in the Philosophy of the ' Ikwan as-Sefa ' (Brethren of Purity)," by Emil L. Fackenheim; "A Thomistic Glossary on the Principle of the Pre-eminence of a Common Good," by I. T. Eschmann, 0. P.; " Maistre Nicole Oresme, Le Livre du Ciel et du Monde," Text and Comentary (continued) Livres III et IV, with a Critical Introduction by A. D. Menut and A. J. Denomy; 0. S. B. Traditio: Studies in Ancient and Mediaeval History, Thought and Religion, Vol. I, 1943...

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