Conventions and Abbreviations

Because there are so many editions of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, citations will be by book and chapter as well as by page number (referenced to the editions listed below). Thus, a citation from The Fellowship of the Ring, book 2, chapter 4, page 318 is written “FR, II, iv, 318.” References to the appendices of The Lord of the Rings are abbreviated by appendix, section, and subsection, so subsection iii of section I of Appendix A is written “RK, Appendix A, I, iii, 321.” The Silmarillion indicates the body of stories and poems developed over many years by Tolkien; The Silmarillion indicates the volume first published in 1977.

Abbreviations

Works by Tolkien

ATB

The Adventures of Tom Bombadil. (First published: London: Allen and Unwin, 1962; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1963.) 50th anniversary ed. Ed. Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond. London: HarperCollins, 2014.

B&C

Beowulf and the Critics. Ed. Michael D. C. Drout. 2nd rev. ed. Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies 402. Tempe: Arizona Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 2011.

Beowulf T&C

Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary together with Sellic Spell. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. London: Harper-Collins; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2014.

Children

The Children of Húrin. (Title as on title page: Narn i Chîn Húrin: The Tale of the Children of Húrin.) Ed. Christopher Tolkien. London: HarperCollins; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2007.

FA

The Fall of Arthur. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. London: HarperCollins; Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013.

FGH

Farmer Giles of Ham. (First published: London: Allen and Unwin, 1949; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1950.) 50th anniversary ed. Ed. Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond. London: HarperCollins; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999.

FR

The Fellowship of the Ring. (First published: London: Allen and Unwin; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1954.) 2nd ed., revised impression. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987.

H

The Hobbit. (First published: London: Allen and Unwin, 1937; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1938.) The Annotated Hobbit. Ed. Douglas A. Anderson. 2nd rev. ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.

Kullervo

Tolkien, J.R.R. The Story of Kullervo, ed. Verlyn Flieger. 2015. London: HarperCollins.

Lays

The Lays of Beleriand. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. London: Allen and Unwin; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985.

Letters

The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien. Ed. Humphrey Carpenter, with the assistance of Christopher Tolkien. London: Allen and Unwin; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981.

Lost Road

The Lost Road and Other Writings. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. London: Unwin Hyman; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987.

LT I

The Book of Lost Tales, Part One. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. London: Allen and Unwin, 1983; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1984.

LT II

The Book of Lost Tales, Part Two. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. London: Allen and Unwin; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1984.

M&C

The Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays. London: Allen and Unwin, 1983; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1984.

Morgoth

Morgoth’s Ring. Edited by Christopher Tolkien. London: HarperCollins; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1993.

OFS

Tolkien on Fairy-stories. (Essay first published 1947.) Extended ed. Ed. Verlyn Flieger and Douglas A. Anderson. London: HarperCollins, 2008.

Peoples

The Peoples of Middle-earth. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. London: HarperCollins; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1996.

RK

The Return of the King. (First published: London: Allen and Unwin, 1955; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1956.) 2nd. ed., revised impression. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987.

S

The Silmarillion. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. (First published: London: Allen and Unwin; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1977.) 2nd ed. London: HarperCollins, 1999; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001.

Sauron

Sauron Defeated. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. London: HarperCollins; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1992.

S&G

The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. London: HarperCollins; Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009.

Shadow

The Return of the Shadow. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. London: Unwin Hyman; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1988.

Shaping

The Shaping of Middle-earth. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. London: Allen and Unwin; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986.

Smith

Smith of Wootton Major: (First published: London: Allen and Unwin; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1967.) Extended ed. Ed. Verlyn Flieger. London: Harper-Collins, 2005.

T&L

Tree and Leaf. (First published: London: Unwin Books, 1964; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965.) Expanded as Tree and Leaf, including the Poem Mythpoeia [and] The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm’s Son. London: HarperCollins, 2001.

TT

The...