Transliteration
- Transliteration
Note: In some words and names of Persian origin, ‘e’ and ‘o’ have been used in lieu of ‘i’ and ‘u’ to conform to standard spellings.
TRANSLITERATION KEY:
| Arab./Pers./Urdu Letter | Roman Equivalent |
|---|---|
| ء | ’ |
| ا | a |
| ب | b |
| پ | p |
| ت | t |
| ٹ | ṯ |
| ث | th |
| ج | j |
| ﭺ | ch |
| ح | ḥ |
| خ | kh |
| د | d |
| ﮈ | ḏ |
| ذ | dh |
| ر | r |
| ﮌ | ṟ |
| ز | z |
| ﮊ | zh |
| س | s |
| Arab./Pers./Urdu Letter | Roman Equivalent |
|---|---|
| ش | sh |
| ص | ṣ |
| ض | ḍ |
| ط | ṭ |
| ظ | ẓ |
| ع | ‘ |
| غ | gh |
| ف | f |
| ق | q |
| ك | k |
| گ | g |
| ل | l |
| م | m |
| ن | n |
| ه | h |
| و | w |
| ى | y |
| ة | h or t |
| Short Vowels | |
| ـَــ | a |
| ـُــ | u |
| ـِــ | i |
| Long Vowels | |
| آ or | ā |
| ū | |
| ī | |
| Diphthongs | |
| aw | |
| ay | |
[End Page 537]
