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The Texas Chainsaw Massacre tell us what the makers of Terms of Endearment and Time after Time are afraid of and, so, these horror films exemplify the 'return of the repressed.' Despite his 'close readings' of horror - and Wood's chapter has already influenced academic study of the genre - he fails to confront the obvious symmetry at work here. Brian De Palma and Tobe Hooper are cynically engaged in the same myths and desires as the Hollywood mainstream but, as it were, from the other side of the latter's opulent production budgets. Both directors typically have, since Wood wrote this chapter, demonstrated this transparent truth after their careers migrated to the Hollywood epicentre with films like Body Double and Poltergeist. The second group of radicals consists almost entirely of Scorsese and Cimino, although Wood apologizes for not having written on Francis Coppola. Here the critic concentrates on a quartet of films: Scorsese's Raging Bull and The King ofComedy and Cimino's Deer Hunter and Heaven's Gate. The thesis is very simple: these films subvert the psycho-social machinery that controls the Hollywood cinema of the Reagan era. The concluding chapters discussing these directors are doubly disappointing. First, Wood cannot seem to sustain his argument for either directors and finds himself actually concluding that Scorsese and Cimino make great films because they admit bisexuality into their characters, a very dubious criterion for good, much less radical, art. Second, and more generally, the whole thrust of Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan is to allow weak, cynical cinema to define the terms within which strong film directors must be shown to be excellent. Scorsese and Cimino are great American film directors not because they react to Reaganite culture, but for wider reasons that might well include their ability to remember an older tradition of American cinema and to see beyond the trite concerns of the present Hollywood moment. A critic arguing such truths about these directors would be a critic who had high expectations for the art he discusses. Writing as such a critic twenty years ago, Wood opened many films to serious consideration. That critic is conspicuously absent from Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan, and one hopes he returns with the next book that bears Robin Wood's name. (BART TESTA) Anti-Judaism in Early Chrishanity. Vol I: Paul and the Gospels. Edited by Peter Richardson with David Granskou Studies in Christianity and Judaism 2. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. xiC 232. $'4.95 paper Anti-Judaism in Early Christianity. Vain: Separation and Polemic. Edited by Stephen G. Wilson Wilfrid Laurier University Press. xi, 188. $14.95 paper The papers presented in these volumes were originally given in a con- HUMANITIES 241 tinuing seminar of the Canadian Society of Biblical Studies devoted to the theme 'Anti-Judaism in Early Christianity.' The topic, while attracting uncommon attention and passion in recent scholarly and semi-scholarly literature, has resisted facile definition, and no single definition has been imposed on the contributors to this collection. While, for some, ill-feeling and active intolerance towards Jews appear to be necessary components of 'anti-Judaism: for others the label applies wherever claims are made that the Christian revelation and covenant have superseded those of Judaism. Generally characteristic, however, is the attempt to account for the 'anti-Jewish' sentiments expressed in the ancient writings in terms of their historical and sociological context. The briefest of summaries must here suffice to give some indication of the range and creativity shown in the papers included. The first volume begins with an article by William Klassen surveying various aspects of the recent debate, including studies of JewishChristian relations over the centuries and the issue of anti-SeInitism in the ancient world and in the New Testament. John Hurd then suggests that 1 Thessalonians 2 :13-16 is rightly understood only when Paul's apocalyptic thinking is kept in Inind: the whole non-Christian world is thought to be destined for condemnation, and Paul here justifies the judgment of Jews by citing their attempts to frustrate his apostolic ministry to Gentiles. A novel reading of Galatians 2-3 is proposed by Lloyd Gaston, who thinks Paul's discussion of the...

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