This article examines three trends that challenge the provision of elementary and secondary education. Using the Commonwealth of Virginia as an example, this study compares national and state trends that threaten the stability and funding of public education. The following three trends are likely to present the greatest challenges to the institution of public schools: (1) demographic changes; (2) disparate and inadequate fiscal resources; and (3) a concerted and coordinated attack on the institution itself. Each trend is discussed and specific recommendations are made to those who lead and support public education.