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430 MODERN DRAMA February ERNST TOLLER AND HIS CRITICS, by John M. Spalek, Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia, distributed by the University Press of Virginia , Charlottesville, 1968. 919 pp. This bibliography is exemplary! It should be a part of every university library and on the reference shelf for any bibliography or methods course. 3764 annotated entries are included. These annotations are concise and informative and accurately represent the main thesis and attitude of the original source. Professor Spalek's extensive private collection of materials by and about Ernst Toller was used as one source of reference. It is obvious that every entry was studted carefully and that nothing was included which was not examined by the author. Recognizing the humiliating fact that no bibliography is ever complete, the author directs future Toller scholars to those areas which need further study. Literature on Ernest Toller in Yiddish, Finish, Spanish, Polish, and Indian is an acknowledged gap in this study. The bibliography is readily accessible. All entries are numbered consecutively. The most important items are starred, which may be subjective, but is certainly necessary and appreciated in such an extensive work. Related material is adequately cross-referenced. Ernst Toller and His Critics is divided into five basic sections and meaningfully subdivided into appropriate categories. The primary sources are examined in part I. Eighty-five pages are devoted to books and acting versions of Toller's plays in German and thirty-three pages to their translations. Two pages are reserved for listing the credits of the films Pastor Hall and Menschen hinter Gittern. Poems, belletristic contributions, essayistic publications, speeches in the Bavarian Landtag, publications signed by Toller in the name of the Bavarian revolutionary government and unpublished materials, including manuscripts and letters, are iisted. The binding, contents, and location of each edition are accurately recorded. In the notes, the distinguishing features of the various editions are enumerated. The second major section, 1187 entries, treats works about Toller. Books, dissertations, and articles in German and other languages, as well as a section on special areas of Toller's activity are included in Part II. The third and largest section which contains 1513 annotations, is restricted to reviews, articles and chapters on Toller's individual works. Photographs and illustrations are treated in Part IV and a list of productions is i,neluded in Section V. The usefulness of this bibliography would be greatly undermined were it not for a complete author and subject index. Scholars and students alike will profit from this work. CARL ZIEGLER Indiana University DRAMA OCH TEATER, edited by Egil Tornqvist. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, 1968. 178 pp. 23:50 Swedish crowns. While the Swedish schools and universities have not completely neglected drama and theater in the past, they have not given attention to either comparable to that given both by American schools and universities in recent decades. Swedish student groups have put on plays and have largely informally been interested in drama. The important research done in dramatic literature has been done by literary scholars. The situation is being corrected, however. There has been a 1970 BooK REvIEws 431 professorship in theater history at the University of Stockholm since 1946, and a group devoted to drama and theater research has been active since 1965 at the University of Uppsala. Drama och teater is the initial publication of the Uppsala group. The committee in charge of the project consists of GOsta M. Bergman (the first professor of theater history at Stockholm), Gunnar Brandell, Lennart Breitholtz. Ingvar Holm. Orjan Lindberger, and Stig Torsslow, all of whom are distinguished scholars. In taking this first step in providing Swedish and other Scandinavian scholars an outlet for article-length results of their research, the group is fortunate in having the services of the highly gifted and dedicated young scholar Egil Tornqvist as editor. That the Scandinavians have a rich field for research and writing in Scandinavian drama and theater is obvious. Holberg, Ibsen, and Strindberg are, after all,. only the best known Scandinavian playwrights; there are many, many others; and the theaters of Sweden and the other Scandinavian countries have been, and are, of course, among the best in the world. If the first volume...

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