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Volume 9, No.4 Summer 1991 ' .. 145 more recent literature. The truly puzzling aspect of this volume is the inclusion of pieces written up to 16 years before the date of publication, without updating. Such is the case with Barr's essay on "Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek in the Hellenistic Period" (completed in 1974), Delcor's article on apocrypha (1973), and the very odd posthumous article on Antiochus IV Epiphanes by Morkholm, which was submitted in 1970, but based on his 1966 dissertation. The consequences are most obvious in the discussions of literature, which take no account of the massive work done in the last decade and reflected, for example, in the CRINT volumes from Van Gorcum/Fortress (1984+), and in the replacement of R. H. Charles by the new translations of the apocrypha and pseudepigrapha by 1. H. Charlesworth (1983). The editors would have provided their readers a service if they had more candidly discussed the obvious difficulties this volume had in reaching completion , and the compromises the editors apparently were forced to make. Such an introductory essay dealing with the issue of what our present state of knowledge enables us to say and prevents us from saying confidently would also help the reader deal with the detailed attention to matters military, political , and linguistic, and the lack of attention paid to Judaism as a religious or cultural system. Despite these deficiencies, the volume is redeemed by the high quality of many of its articles, and by the obvious virtue of compressing so much within so manageable a space. Luke Timothy Johnson Indiana University Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook: German Jewry: Integrationt Self-Questioningt Catastrophe, Volume XXXV. London: Seeker & Warburg, 1990. 616 pp. £24.00. The Leo Baeck Institute has done more to promote research on German -Jewish history than any other single institution. Thus it is only fitting that its thirty-fifth annual volume is devoted, at least in part, to appraising German-Jewish historiography. It is impossible, given the short space, to do justice to twenty-two such diverse essays as Trude Maurer's fascinating study on Jewish obituaries of German heads of state to Ismar Schorsch's summary on the ethos of modern Jewish scholarship to Moshe Zimmermann's scintillating work on the relationship between Jewish and German historians. The Yearbook is divided into five general sections: historiography, emancipation , German-Jewish themes from Wilhelminian Germany to Nazi rule (the longest part), German antisemitism, and finally Jewish thought. Similar to the previous volumes, scholars from Europe, Israel and North America all 146 SHOFAR contribute. This volume will appeal to a variety of readers from those interested in Jewish theology to those who want to learn about the German-Jewish symbiosis. In addition, all yearbooks contain a comprehensive bibliography of all recent works on German-Jewish topics broadly defined. Two of the most intriguing and well documented essays deal with the age-old problem of German antisemitism. Donald Niewyk, in his "Solving the 'Jewish Problem': Continuity and Change in German Antisemitism 1871-1945," posits that there was more discontinuity than similarity when comparing nineteenth-century antisemitism to Nazi racism, especially in the different "solutions" they offered to the Judenfrage. He suggests that in Imperial Germany most antisemites saw segregation or integration as viable solutions to the Jewish problem, whereas these ideas were anathema to the more radical Nazis. Niewyk also notes that before 1914 antisemites were on the margin of society, but after the war they became more acceptable. He makes an intriguing observation when he writes that the preservation, invention , inculcation of antisemitic stereotypes by pre-Nazi Judeophobes ,provided more than just background and beginning. It prepared a few Germans to support Nazism because it was antisemitic and many more to do so even though it was antisemitic (p. 369). His survey of the plethora of historical literature is impressive and his interpretations are fresh. On a similar subject, Oded Heilbronner. analyzes the role of Nazi antisemitism in the Nazi Party's propaganda by looking at the various geographical regions of Germany and how they have been treated by historians. Although his regional synopses are brief, his conclusions are provocative. He believes that the smaller the region one...

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