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T H E A L A B A M A R E V I E W 150 which offers the history of the songs, the story of Byron Arnold, and a detailed “learning guide” for use in classrooms. The guide explores introducing folklore to children through the songs and games on the CD, and includes activities and lesson plans for children in pre-kindergarten through fifth grade. Bullfrog Jumped is an excellent resource for musicologists, teachers, and singers—all those “folk” who are still in the business of passing down and preserving our collective past. It would be interesting to see how children respond to this CD. They might have some difficulty in understanding the words, and some of the tunes appear fragmented. A companion recording of modern renditions of these songs would truly make accessible to the current generation not only the music but perhaps a greater understanding of their own history. KATE CAMPBELL Nashville, Tennessee Making a New South: Race, Leadership, and Community after the Civil War. Edited by Paul A. Cimbala and Barton C. Shaw. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2007. x, 315 pp. $59.95. ISBN 978-0-8130-3067-8. Making A New South is a book that will be useful to teachers, scholars, laypersons, and all those interested in the evolution of the idea of a “New South.” Its essays, collected by noted historians of the South present and evaluate a variety of leaders, leadership styles, and the clash of communities over race, class, gender, wealth, and place from 1870 to 1970. Making a New South is a study of change, specifically its effects on leaders who made decisions that reshaped the definition of the New South. “Southerners, almost in spite of themselves, were making a New South,” the editors argue, as they confronted change, much of it coming as a result of external forces (pp. ix–10). The eleven essays present change, particularly the “public endeavors of southerners” who made a new South (p. 6). The eleven scholars provide thought-provoking articles on patterns of leadership, the limits of white racial unity, memory and race, economic success and race, reformers in conflict with segregation, the death of segregation and the emergence of a new racism, and African American agency. For example, William D. Carrigan and Bobby Donaldson “demonstrate that racial distinctions were so deeply embedded in southern culture that they shaped collective memories” and even directed the actions of religious denominations A P R I L 2 0 0 9 151 (p. 7). Deborah Beckel and Faye L. Jensen found that “the power of race . . . frustrate[d] efforts of white community leaders who sought political and economic change” (pp. 7–8). Larisa M. Smith and Catherine Fosl “document how community leaders marginalized idealistic reformers whose agendas threatened to disrupt the racial status quo” (pp. 7–8). Douglas L. Fleming, Tony Badger, and Clive Webb explore the “explosive power of race,” its limits, and “the capacity of established white leaders to moderate the politics of race” (p. 9). David C. Carter and Kris Shepard make it clear that the power of the federal government indeed made change possible for grassroots blacks. But there were limits to the power of government, especially when it confronted established white southern power brokers who had years of experience working with congress and federal agencies (p. 10). The themes of race, power, and wealth in the city were evident in Columbus, Georgia, where the white business community committed economic suicide to preserve their antebellum visions of black and white labor. White leadership also failed to exploit an opportunity to modernize by sponsoring a rail line as the era of the steamboat faded. Memory, race, and power defined Reconstruction Atlanta and black use of religion to defend the community while post-emancipation North Carolina white Republicans sacrificed black political support for racial peace, raceneutral policies, and the survival of the party. Memory and race in twentieth -century Waco, Texas, began with a lynching burned permanently in the memory of African Americans who viewed the mid-twentieth-century tornado that destroyed downtown Waco, the site of the lynching, as Godly retribution. Whites, meanwhile, tried to...

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