Industrial Research in Microcircuitry at RCA: The Early Years, 1953-1963

RCA had an established research capability and transistor manufacturing facility in place during the early years of the semiconductor industry. Its early microcircuit research—including Torkel Wallmark's work using the bipolar unijunction transistor in the late 1950s, Paul Weimer's thin-film transistor, and Steve Hofstein's metal-oxide silicon transistor—led to RCA's pioneering effort in the production of complementary (CMOS) silicon integrated circuits in the late 1960s and 1970s.