Lushootseed reader with intermediate grammar, vol. 2: Four Stories from Martha Lamont By Thom Hess (review)

486 LANGUAGE, VOLUME 76, NUMBER 2 (2000) Among the notable conventions employed in this dictionary are the segmentation ofmorpheme boundaries , the italicization of technical terms, the use of a raised circle for phrasal entries, different bracket types for different case forms, and the use of two different symbols for cross-referencing depending upon whether the word to be cross-referenced comes from standard Albanian or not. It is apparent that the intended audience of this dictionary is one with at least reading knowledge of the language, access to Albanian texts, and minimal knowledge of linguistic terminology. The grammatical sketch outlines basic categories in the language for those with a working knowledge of Albanian. It is less suitable for typologists who would like a brief overview of the morphosyntax. An extensive list of possible suffixes helps readers identify citation forms from the inflected forms as they occur in texts. Perhaps one of the most useful parts of this dictionary for foreign speakers is the lengthy table of dialectal variants which gives both spelling and pronunciation differences for segments that deviate from the standardized language. Entries in the dictionary that do not conform to the standard language as dictated in various publications by the Institute of Linguistics and Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the People's Republic of Albania are marked with an asterisk. Major derivations are given under separate entries. After the entry at/dhe' 'nm 1 fatherland, homeland, one's native land, land of birth 2 place of origin, native habitat; habitat' fifteen derivations follow including atldhelda'shies ? adj patriotic; II ? patriot', atldheldashlurli' 'n/love ofcountry/homeland, patriotism ', atldhelshi'tlës '« (BookOld) traitor, one who sells out his country', and atldheltarli'sht 'patriotically ' . [CARL Rubino, University ofCalifornia, Santa Barbara and Panasonic Technologies.] Lushootseed reader with intermediate grammar, vol. 2: Four Stories from Martha Lamont. By Thom Hess. (University of Montana occasional papers in linguistics 14.) Missoula, MT: University of Montana, 1998. Pp. ix, 174, with accompanying cassette tape. Lushootseed, formerly spoken as a continuum of closely related dialects throughout most of the land between Puget Sound and the Cascade Mountains in Washington State, is one of the few Salish languages with fluent native speakers, though the language is now considered moribund. This attractive 81/2X11 paperbackcontinues the author's Lushootseed reader with introductory grammar. Vol. 1: Four storiesfrom Edward Sam (Missoula, MT: University ofMontana, 1995; reviewed in Language 72.668-69 by Suzanne Urbanczyk), adding eight new chapters (starting as Ch. 23) and four native speaker texts. Both volumes are intended for the interested professional linguist as well as for purposes of language revitalization. While Vol. 1 provides a gradual buildup of basic grammatical categories through the use of simple sentences and basic texts, Vol. 2 develops vocabulary skills and reading fluency through analysis of more complex material. The individual chapters are devoted mainly to derivational morphology, covering such topics as reduplication (3-15), lexical suffixes (16-24), word-building prefixes (25-29), various expressions of possession and ownership (30-34), partitive meaning (35-37), the phenomenon of secondary suffixation, which changes the lexical valency of verb stems (38-42), relational expressions using the suffix -bid (43-45), and expressions of desire (46-48). Each descriptive section is accompanied by grammar questions and student exercises, the correct answers to which appear in a following key (50-5 1), so that the book can be used with or without recourse to a teacher fluent in Lushootseed. Perhaps the most unique aspect of this publication is its dissemination and analysis of four native speaker texts—provided in print and on an accompanying cassette. The original sound recordings were dictated by Martha Lamont, a native speaker who knew English only as a second language; consequently , her narration speed and style were not influenced by considerations of an English-speaking audience and preserve all of the traditional Lushootseed storytelling techniques. These features, along with a discussion of the stories' contents and original symbolic significance, are explained in detail in two accompanying essays by Toby C. S. Langen: 'Hermeneutic functions of style in Martha Lamont's Mink and changer' (151-63), and 'On the predictability of Martha Lamont's Pheasant and raven' (164...