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An analysis of the German perfekt
- Language
- Linguistic Society of America
- Volume 76, Number 2, June 2000
- pp. 358-382
- 10.1353/lan.2000.0140
- Article
- Additional Information
The German Perfekt has two quite different temporal readings, as illustrated by the two possible continuations of the sentence Peter hat gearbeitet in i, ii, respectively:
- i.
Peter hat gearbeitet und ist müde.
Peter has worked and is tired.
- ii.
Peter hat gearbeitet und wollte nicht gestört werden.
Peter has worked and wanted not to be disturbed.
The first reading essentially corresponds to the English present perfect; the second can take a temporal adverbial with past time reference ('yesterday at five', 'when the phone rang', and so on), and an English translation would require a past tense ('Peter worked/was working'). This article shows that the Perfekt has a uniform temporal meaning that results systematically from the interaction of its three components—finiteness marking, auxiliary and past participle—and that the two readings are the consequence of a structural ambiguity. This analysis also predicts the properties of other participle constructions, in particular the passive in German.