Puerto Rican and Cuban Catholics in the U.S., 1900-1965 ed. by Jay P. Dolan and Jaime R. Vidal (review)

320 BOOK REVIEWS most important contribution of the work. Yet the work has its shortcomings. Gribble ascribes only pure motives to FatherYorke and refers to him as the Martin Luther King,Jr., of San Francisco's Labor movement. Gribble's depiction of Yorke overlooks two very important points. He should have continued his discussion of Yorke through the 1916 Longshoremen's strike. He would have discovered thatYorke put the events of Ireland—the I916 Easter Uprising and the subsequent executions—before the cause of labor. In this case at least,Yorke was an Irish nationalist before he was an apostle of Pope Leo's Gospel oflabor. Gribble also should have consulted James Walsh's biography ofYorke, Ethnic Militancy, in which he would have found a complete discussion of Yorke's racial and ethnic intolerance in the context ofthe city's labor movement. As far as Gribble's portrait of Archbishop Hanna is concerned, it seems to lack the depth in content and analysis that was given to Yorke. In fact, because of its brevity, it appears that Gribble has unwittingly exaggerated the importance of Archbishop Hanna in San Francisco's social justice movement for labor. In spite of these difficulties, this book is a fine attempt to place Catholic social thought in the American political and economic context. Yet, this work's portrait of Catholic Progressivism in the American West is far from complete, and will certainly provoke further research and scholarship in this area. TimothyJ. Sarbaugh Gonzaga University Puerto Rican and Cuban Catholics in the U.S., 1900-1965- Edited by Jay P. Dolan andJaime R.Vidal. [The Notre Dame History ofHispanic Catholics in the U.S., Volume Two.] (Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. 1994. Pp. viii, 259. $24.95.) The book consists oftwo long essays,"CitizensYet Strangers:The Puerto Rican Experience," by Jaime R. Vidal, and "Cuban Catholics in the United States", by Lisandro Pérez. The joint publication of these two essays offers the opportunity to compare the formation and history of these Catholic communities in this country. The initial contrast is striking: the twentieth-century Catholic Cuban community derives its strength from the post-1960 migration of professionals and business people, who came to Miami with their priests and nuns and the full assistance of the diocese. The postwar Puerto Rican migration of rural workers and their families resulted in the growth of communities in the Northeast , especially in New York, without the help of Puerto Rican priests and religious , and with the imposition of the local territorial parish, with its Irish-American model of liturgical, devotional, and educational practices. Two elements are important in the development of these communities. The first, elaborated at length byVidal but sparingly by Pérez, is the historical development of religious observances in the two islands. Here it is important to note that in contrast with the North American and northern European religious BOOK REVIEWS 321 models, the religious values of Cubans and Puerto Ricans have been cemented more by the exercise of solidarity, compassion, generosity, hospitality, respect, and humility than by the clockwork observance of holidays of obligation, fasts, and sexual abstinence. Some North American hierarchs have publicly derided the religiosity of Caribbean people because they do not go to Mass punctually on Sundays. Most Puerto Ricans find it hard to understand why North Americans call themselves Christians when their hearts are apparently so closed to human suffering and misery. In each case there has been a preconception on the adequate way of explicitating faith. In the North to express one's emotions is a weakness; in the South to withhold that expression is callousness. The second interesting element in this book is the NorthAmerican hierarchy's attitudes to the migrant communities. In Florida the Hispanic migration has meant a significant expansion ofthe Church in a state where Catholic presence had been slight. The Cuban migration has been an essential part of the growth of the Catholic Church in Florida. Due to the Cold War context of the Cuban migration , the hierarchy welcomed the migrants. It fostered the development of Catholic institutions among the Cuban migrants and defined its policies and priorities in terms of the...