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486BOOK REVIEWS sia and equaUy cool in Catholic but liberal Freiburg. It was better to be a Bavarian visionary or, in the Hitler era, to be a stigmatic in a parish whose pastor was not berating the Nazis. A number of the essays pose the question of the feminization of religion. Did Germany experience the same process as France during the nineteenth century ? The authors would probably not agree on an answer except that some feminization did take place.The fact that over ninety percent of the stigmatics were women suggests this. Essayist Rudolf Schlögl offered additional convincing evidence of feminization in his essay, which reminded this reader of the work of Maurice Agulhon decades ago on Mediterranean religious culture. Did feminization take the form predominantly of a cult of Mary? This seems unlikely, although a few essayists developed this line ofthought.The prevalence of the stigmata itself signals us that many pious women did not concentrate on Mary Norbert Busch's essay on the Heart ofJesus cult, which developed in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, furnishes further evidence. The Church's reaction to the Heart of Jesus cult—and therefore to the feminization of religion—is fascinatingly developed by Busch in "Die Feminisierung der Frömmigkeit." Depictions of the Savior in this cult point to a coquettish, "kissable" Jesus who would attract women emotionally, even eroticaUy (page 209). So strong was this movement that German clergy themselves underwent an adrogynous transformation during the second half of the nineteenth century : shaven face and soutane. Only when the church saw the danger in women's privatization of reUgion, did it react by taking charge of the Heart of Jesus cult. Readers of Wunderbare Erscheinungen wUl come away from this book with plenty of food for thought and an exceUent survey of the reUgious mentality of German Catholics. Michael Phayer Marquette University La scienza del cuore. Spiritualità e cultura religiosa in Antonio Rosmini. By Fulvio De Giorgi. [Annali deU'Istituto storico italo-germanico, Monografia 25.] (Bologna: Società editrice U Mulino. 1995. Pp. 628. Lire 60,000 paperback .) Although not as weU known in the EngUsh-speaking world as in Europe, and especiaUy Italy, the reputation of the priest, phüosopher, theologian, and statesman Antonio Rosmini-Serbati has long been estabUshed. Unfortunately, his vision of a universal order under the moral leadership of the pope and his attempt to fuse the Christian tradition with the contemporary world often provoked reprobation from the groups he sought to reconcüe. likewise known, though less contentious, is his foundation of the Institute of Charity (Rosmini- BOOK REVIEWS487 ans) in 1828, which was formaUy approved by Pope Gregory XVI in 1839- However , his critique of the Church and call for reform in his Delle cinque piaghe della santa chiesa (Of the Five Wounds of the Holy Church) written in the 1830's but not published until 1846, was condemned by the Congregation of the Index in 1849, along with his La costituzione secondo la giustizia sociale (A Constitution based on Social Justice). Rosmini was vindicated only in 1854— a year before his death. Perhaps Rosmini is best known for the mission he undertook at the request of the Piedmontese government to Pius IX at Gaeta (1848-1849) to persuade him to preserve his prerevolutionary liberal institutions , which ended in failure to the detriment of the temporal power. Rosmini's relations with Pius LX are examined in Gianfranco's Radice's volume Pio IX e Antonio Rosmini (Vatican City, 1974); his moral phUosophy explored in Enrico Verondini's La Filosofia morale di Antonio Rosmini (Bologna , 1967), his ethics and metaphysics in Michele Schiavone's L'etica del Rosmini e la suafondazione metafisica (MUan, 1962); his apologetics and anthropological approach in Maria Manganelli's Persona e personalità nell 'antropologia di Antonio Rosmini (Milan, 1967); his dialectical approach in Maria Raschini's // principio dialettico nella filosofia di A. Rosmini (MÜan, I96I) and his overall view of the Church Ln Giovanni Velocci's La Chiesa in Rosmini (Rome, 1974). Of these only the last is cited in the extensive bibliography of the De Giorgi book (pp. 567-61 1), which includes most of the more recent publications...

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