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BOOK REVIEWS 151 so-called popular nationalism was transformed into a powerful tool of "official nationalism" in the hands of empire-builders. The imposition of new "national" languages accompanied imperial armies into areas of capitulation and new conquest. Thus, according to Anderson, Indians were Anglicized, Koreans Japanified, and Slovaks Magyarized. Anderson argues that the wave of nationalism in Asia and Africa in the middle of this century was also influenced by the shared experience of "national" pilgrimages made by native colonial administrators and by those in colonial education systems. The focus of these pilgrimages was not the imperial but the colonial capital, and the travelers came from the diverse realms ofthat particular colonial possession. To the extent that travellers along these paths came to share a common consciousness, a progressive development of"national" awareness came to compete and dominate previous loyalties among the elite. This group also had, through the progressively developed vernacular print media, the availability of numerous models of nationalism from Europe and the Americas from which to extract and design their own "imagined communities" and national myths. Anderson's insightful analysis adds to our understanding ofthe strength and development of nationalism, especially because of his focus on the personal and cultural feeling of nascent "national" identity. This is important, not only in understanding the new states that will be born of present-day struggles carried out under the banner of nationalism, but also in fathoming the behavior, persistence, and impact of "national" myths and ideology in all nation-states. This is crucial, for in the next decade, we will witness competing "national" visions of communities in conflict in Eastern and Southern Europe, and the persistent struggle for recognition for "imagined communities" like the Kurds and the Palestinians, asserting their nation's independence against the national myths of other states that deny their existence. Undoubtedly, we will also observe the rise of"nations," heretofore unarticulated, unrecognized, or unknown, within the boundaries of old states. Down in the Dumps, Administration ofthe Unfair Trade Laws. Edited by Richard Boltuck and Robert E. Litan. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution, 1991. 350pp. $15.95/Paperback. Reviewed by Philip C. Marchai, M.A., SAIS, 1988;Antidumping Analyst, Department of Commerce. During the 1980s, an unprecedented number ofAmerican companies sought relief from foreign competition under the U.S. antidumping (AD) and countervailing duties (CVD) statutes. This burgeoning activity—as well as the recent adoption of similar laws by many U.S. trading partners—has gradually attracted wider scholarly interest in these formerly obscure laws and in their administration by the Department of Commerce. One recent product of this scholarly scrutiny is Down in the Dumps, Administration of the Unfair Trade Laws, which offers a collection of papers presented at a Brookings Institution conference in the fall of 1990. Although necessarily highly technical and at times quite repetitive, these 152 SAIS REVIEW essays, which are supplemented by the comments and discussion that they produced, provide a very useful introduction to an arcane but increasingly important area of U.S. trade law. The participants in the conference, who were almost exclusively scholars and Washington trade lawyers, are for the most part highly critical ofthe administrative practices ofthe Commerce Department. In a series ofpapers that constitute roughly half the book, most participants stress that, although the laws themselves are skewed in favor of the American firms requesting relief, the majority of the inequities of AD and CVD investigations are directly attributable to the administrative practices of the Commerce Department. Although these technical critiques constitute the core of the book, several contributors explore other aspects ofthe administration ofthe AD and CVD laws. The two editors offer an incisive introductory chapter that surveys many topics, including the growing use ofAD and CVD laws in the United States and abroad, the theoretical economic problems involved in the definition of—and justification of sanctions against—international price discrimination (dumping) and tradedistorting foreign subsidies, and the practical difficulties ofinstituting laws which can address these problems in a theoretically consistent manner. Other chapters explore the administration ofthe AD and CVD laws in the context ofits economic implications, its political aspects, and its relationship to the rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and...

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