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210CIVIL WAR HISTORY Nine Men in Gray. By Charles L. Dufour. (Garden City: Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1963. Pp. xi, 364. $4.95.) Charles L. Dufour has written a competent but not indispensable addition to the growing mass of Civil War biographies. An editorial columnist for the New Orleans Times-Picayune and an experienced writer and lecturer in American history, he has skillfully compiled and coordinated brief studies of nine Confederates. Seven of the nine subjects were warriors—Richard Taylor, a brother-inlaw of Jefferson Davis who earned the rank of lieutenant general in the field; Turner Ashby, a dashing, doomed colonel of cavalry; Patrick R. Cleburne , the "Stonewall of the West"; Charles W. "Savez" Read, a naval commando extraordinary; William R. J. Pegram, a young, bespectacled colonel of artillery whose luck finally ran out at Five Forks; William Mahone, one of Lee's most dependable division commanders; Edward Porter Alexander, a brilliant, versatile West Pointer who rose from captain to brigadier general in less than three years. The other two subjects were noncombatants— Lucius B. Northrop, the irascible, controversial Commissary General, and Henry Hotze who wore the gray for a few months and then served brilliantly as a propagandist. The scholar will seek significant new interpretations and revelations in vain. The studies of Taylor, Ashby, Cleburne, and Alexander rely heavily upon earlier biographies and autobiographies. The studies of Read, Hotze, Northrop, Pegram, and Mahone draw heavily upon the Official Records, die Southern Historical Society Papers, Battles and Leaders, and other familiar printed sources. Manuscript collections are not neglected, but only in die Pegram study are diey fully exploited. Generally die research in both primary and secondary sources is adequate but not exhaustive. The book needs an index. It also needs maps to accompany vivid descriptions of Jackson's movements in the Shenandoah Valley, the battles of First Manassas , Shiloh, and the Wilderness, and the Adanta and Petersburg campaigns. Frequendy many separate quotations extending over several pages are identified within a single footnote, an unduly confusing technique. Nevertheless, Nine Men in Gray is a useful work. Mr. Dufour describes his subjects accurately and forcefully. The reader sees men of flesh and blood, not monuments. Each man's contribution to the Confederate cause is evaluated realistically. Human weaknesses are not ignored. Taylor's picayune disputes with bis commanding officer, Ashby's failure to maintain military discipline, Read's postwar buccaneering, Mahone's quick-tempered cockiness bordering on arrogance, Cleburne's social awkwardness—the author neither conceals nor exaggerates. Only the study of Northrop is basically censorious, but the formidable obstacles facing the unpopular Comissary General are clearly indicated. Combining a broad knowledge of die period widi a skillful pen, Mr. Dufour has written a lively, reliable, enjoyable narrative. Numerous direct quotations are skillfully employed, and only rarely do clumsy or con- BOOK REVIEWS211 fused sentences mar the smooth now of action. The scholar will find Nine Men in Gray acceptable; die general reader will find it delightful. F. N. Boney University of Georgia Lincoln in Photographs: An Album of Every Known Pose. By Charles Hamilton and Lloyd Ostendorf. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963. Pp. x, 409. $19.50.) Abraham Lincoln was always willing to be photographed and after he reached national stature photographers were more than willing to take pictures of him. Collectors have listed more than a hundred of his poses. Now the authors of this book outdo their predecessors by presenting 119. The numbering of all known Lincoln pictures presents problems. Lincoln lived in the age of the stereoscope, and the two pictures on a stereoscopic card were taken at the same time by two cameras placed side by side like human eyes. Each print differs slighdy, so technically each may be Usted as a different picture. However, to do so adds materially to die number of Lincoln photographs and some collectors may object to such hair-splitting. The complex problem of numbering Lincoln pictures does not end here. Civil War photographers supplied the sudden demand for pictures of the President by photographing him with batteries of cameras—sometimes as many as nine lenses clustering together for a single shot. Each lens captured a slightly different picture although...

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