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204CIVIL WAR HISTORY tional. He was responding to Democratic pressures, and he thought that the veto would rally conservative support in his new party. The authors are most severe on Johnson with respect to his racial prejudices. It was these emotions, they state, that drove him to break with Congress. The mass of the Republicans were committed to civil rights, although not necessarily suffrage, for the freedmen, the authors contend, and on this stand the Radicals were indistinguishable from most Republicans. If Johnson had cooperated with the moderates, the Radicals could never have seized control of the party and of Reconstruction. The Cox viewpoints deserve respectful attention. But they need also to be received with some critical scrutiny. Some of their notions, while stimulating and possibly correct, are highly tentative. There undoubtedly was a great deal of speculation about forming a new party. It was a period of flux. The Republicans were a young party and had partially lost their identity in the wartime Union party. The Union party had also absorbed some of the Democrats. Not unnaturally some men thought in terms of a new party. But it seems to this reviewer that part of the Cox evidence represents nothing more than the efforts of some politicians to continue the advantages of the Union organization in the postwar years. Similarly, the contention that civil rights was "the issue of Reconstruction" and the unifying thread among Republicans is, to the reviewer's mind, an open question. There were other factors as well, and any writer can amass quotes to demonstrate that one or the other was the ruling one, as the Coxes do for their argument. A lot of research remains to be done before we can with anything like certainty classify all Republicans and, what is most important, "structure" the Radicals. That the Coxes do not quite succeed in setting the Radicals apart is no serious stricture of their book. It is a valuable and meritorious study that adds much to our understanding of the Reconstruction period, and another contribution to the painful process by which eventually we may realize the nature of the men who determined the course of the troubled period. T. Harry Williams Louisiana State University The Private War of Lizzie Hardin: A Kentucky Confederate Girts Diary in Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia. Edited by G. Glenn Clift. (Frankfort: Kentucky Historical Society, 1963. Pp. xxiii, 306. $6.00.) In recent years several Confederate women's journals have come forth to take their places alongside such "old reliables" as the memoirs of Mary Chesnut, Sarah Dawson, and Sallie Putnam. The narratives of Kate Stone and Floride Clemson are representative of this "new echelon." Now another member joins the ranks: Elizabeth Pendleton Hardin, and her reminiscences are a worthy addition to this field of Southern social history. "Lizzie" Hardin was rwenty-rwo years of age at the beginning of the BOOKREVIEWS205 national holocaust. Although visiting in Abingdon, Virginia at the time, her roots were planted deep in Kentucky's soil. (Ben Hardin Helm was but one of several cousins.) Lizzie, her mother, and sister proceeded to their home in Harrodsburg. In the summer of 1862 the entire Hardin family was arrested by Kentucky's Unionist provost guard and imprisoned for a time in Louisville. Exile to the South followed release from prison. The three women then rambled extensively through the Confederacy, as the subtitìe of Lizzie's diary states. War's end found Lizzie in Savannah. She then returned to the Bluegrass country, where the diary abruptiy ended on August 9, 1865. Several factors make this a unique chronicle of the Civil War. Lizzie was one of the few women who lived and traveled on both sides of the line. She had as much contact with Federals as with Confederates. Yet her sentiments were never in doubt: she was violentíy pro-Southern. At Virginia's secession she exclaimed, "The magician who was to free us from a hated Union had lifted his wand!" And in writing of Federal generals, she quipped, "Every general came in a Napoleon and went out an Arnold." In addition, Lizzie showed herself to be vivacious, extremely perceptive, and an extraordinary...

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